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Qualitative Research Quiz 1 > Qualitative Research Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Qualitative Research Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The study of culture, practice places researchers in environment they are studying

Set of highly formal techniques designed to extract cognitive data

A

Ethnography

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2
Q

Goal of ethnography?

A

Get at meaning behind actions

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3
Q

In ethnography, what occurs when the researcher abandons the idea of absolute objectivity or scientific neutrality and attempts to emerge him/herself in the culture being studied?

A

Subjective soaking

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4
Q

Emic view

A

Insider’s view

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5
Q

Etic View

A

Outsider’s view

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6
Q

1920s era

A

Impressionism

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7
Q

1946-1955

A

Renaissance

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8
Q

1960s

A

Expressionism

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9
Q

1970s

A

Began dark ages in deviant ethnographies

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10
Q

2000s

A

Enlightment

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11
Q

Attempts to describe the way of life of an entire group

A

Macroethnography

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12
Q

An orientation where the researcher has a concern about social inequalities and directs his or her own efforts toward positive change, researcher makes value-laden judgements of meanings and methods in a conscious effort to challenge research

A

Critical ethnography

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13
Q

The tradition of cultural descriptions and the analysis of various meanings or shared meaning through the interpretation of meaning

A

Conventional ethnography

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14
Q

Conventional approaches to ethnography examine _________________, and critical approaches ask ______________

A

what is, what could be

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15
Q

Social science research should maintain a ___________?

A

Value-neutral position

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16
Q

Initial values, biases, and theoretical orientations that eventually produce an ethnography project

A

Subjective motivational factors

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17
Q

Arrangements made between researchers and subjects

A

Bargains

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18
Q

People or groups who are in position to grant or deny access to a research setting

A

Gatekeepers

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19
Q

Indigenous persons found among the group in the setting to be studied

A

Guides

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20
Q

Suggests that when subjects know they are subjects they will alter their usual behavior

A

Hawthorne Effect

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21
Q

Systematic method for classifying similar events, actions, objects, people, or places into discrete groupings

A

Typology

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22
Q

Procedures that allow the researcher to make assessments about the degree of affinity or disdain that members of a group have toward one another

A

Sociograms

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23
Q

Descriptions that reveal aspects of the subject through comparison with other subjects

A

Metaphors

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24
Q

Process that gives credence to the development of powers of reflective thought, discussion, decision and action by ordinary people participating in collective research on private troubles that they have in common

A

Action research

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25
Q

Attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the people, meanings, events, and even the ideas of the past that have influenced and shaped the present

A

Historical research

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26
Q

Sources that involve oral or written testimony from eyewitnesses, original artifacts (pictures, recordings, diaries, journals, drawings)

A

Primary sources

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27
Q

Oral or written testimony of people not immediately present at the time of a given event (textbooks, articles, newspaper stories)

A

Secondary sources

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28
Q

Involve primary and secondary sources that have been distilled and presented in some sort of collection or anthology format (almanacs, dictionaries, encyclopedia)

A

Tertiary sources

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29
Q

Primarily concerned with the question of veracity or genuineness of the source material, seeking to determine the authenticity of a document

A

External Criticism

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30
Q

Seeks to assess the meaning of the statements in a document or possible meanings.intentions, usually comes after genuineness has been determined

A

Internal criticism

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31
Q

________ history is considered the first type of history

A

Oral

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32
Q

Careful, detailed systematic examination and interpretation of a particular body of material in an effort to identify patterns, themes, biases, and meanings

A

Content analysis

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33
Q

Orientation that allows researchers to treat social action and human activity as text, human action can be seen as a collection of symbols expressing layers of meaning

A

Interpretive approach to analyzing data

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34
Q

Approach in which researcher has had to spent a lot of time in specific culture, been part of study population

A

Social anthropological approach

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35
Q

research mode in which researchers work with their subjects in a given setting to accomplish some sort of change or action

A

Collaborative social research approaches

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36
Q

3 approaches to the conduct of qualitative content analysis

A

conventional, directed, summative content analysis

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37
Q

Coding categories that have been derived directly and inductively from the raw data itself, sometimes referred to as grounded approach

A

Conventional content analysis

38
Q

Use of more analytic codes and categories derived from existing theories and explanations relevant to the research focus

A

Direct content analysis

39
Q

Begins from existing words or phrases in the text itself, researcher exploration involves latent meanings and themes that are apparent in the data

A

Summative content analysis

40
Q

Analysis is extended to an interpretive reading of the symbolism underlying the physical data

A

Latent content

41
Q

____________ analysis describes the content while _________ analysis seeks to discern its meaning

A

Manifest, latent

42
Q

smallest element or unit in content analysis

A

word

43
Q

useful unit to count, simple sentence in simplest form

A

theme

44
Q

whole unit of the sender’s message (ex: entire book,, entire letter/speech/diary)

A

item

45
Q

Sophisticated type of word counting, involve words grouped together into clusters

A

concept

46
Q

How strong or weak a word might be in relation to the overall sentiment of the sentence

A

semantics

47
Q

What is developed after codes (progression)?

A

patterns/themes, then categories, then assertions

48
Q

Patterns/themes are based on?

A

Codes

49
Q

Interpretation of data, 1-2 sentences that summarizes meaning of data, defines experience/understanding of participants, ties in relationship of categories

A

Assertion

50
Q

Units of data, chunks of meaning, phrases or sentences not words, emergent, count to determine prevalence (open coding)– no numbers though just patterns

A

Codes

51
Q

More broad than codes, significant patterns of experience, understanding by participants, uses axial coding (condensing data, giving data meaning)

A

Patterns/themes

52
Q

Patterns/themes grouped into? Broad topic areas

A

Categories

53
Q

The goal of a ____________ is to write a descriptive account of some event in the past, identify relationship connections between various events, assumes you can only understand present by understanding past

A

Historiography

54
Q

Life history that looks at a social perspective, study of an individual’s own experiences and turning points, NOT written by individual

A

Biographical study

55
Q

Person reports on OWN life, reflections of culture, personal and institutional points, turning points to make sense of what is happening in life

A

Life History

56
Q

Answers the question what is the meaning of this experience to the individual?

A

Phenomenology

57
Q

Key emphasis of phenomenology

A

Experience (also interpretation, essence of experience)

58
Q

Process used to remove or at least become aware of prejudices, viewpoints, or assumptions

A

epoche

59
Q

Use of parentheses to set off research biases and assumptions

A

bracketing

60
Q

Want to get participant’s meaning without adding my meaning to it

A

suspension of judgement

61
Q

Seeing the phenomena from various angles and perspectives

A

imaginative variation

62
Q

What must be done simultaneously with data analysis for a phenomenological study?

A

data collection (checking in with group)

63
Q

Story of cultural discovery, cultural picture

A

Ethnography

64
Q

Ethnographies do no generate ______?

A

theories

65
Q

Objective in write-up, tends to be news like, reports what researcher has learned- type of ethnography

A

Realist ethnography

66
Q

Type of ethnography interested in learning about beliefs of a group culture with a political agenda in the background

A

Critical ethnography

67
Q

2+ individuals with shared social patterns, norms, and cultural beliefs

A

Culture sharing group

68
Q

Data collection in which participant and researcher agree upon the data and its importance

A

Negotiation data

69
Q

Form of self-reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices, their understanding of those practices, and the situations in which the practices are carried out

A

Participant action research

70
Q

Primary tasks of ________________ are to uncover or produce information useful to a group of people, enlighten or empower the average person in the group

A

Action research

71
Q

3 types of knowledge in action research

A

instrumental, interactive, critical

72
Q

Info that is learned from un-biased observations, important but does not give full scope but has lots of detail

A

Instrumental knowledge

73
Q

Knowledge through sharing life together, exchanging ideas, and interviewing

A

Interactive knowledge

74
Q

Information gained from reflecting and attempting to solve issues, builds on instrumental and interactive knowledge

A

Critical knowledge

75
Q

___________ research is typically written following a case study format

A

action

76
Q

Type of action research in which a particular intervention is tested, collaboration with participant

A

Technical/scientific/collaborative

77
Q

Type of action research in which a research problem is defined after the situation has been assessed and a mutual understanding has been met

A

Practical/Mutual collaborative/Deliberate

78
Q

Type of action research in which there is political action

A

Emancipating/Enhancing/Critical Science

79
Q

Process of having participants capture pictures that represent some aspect of their lives

A

Photovoice

80
Q

Type of case study that helps to understand the case of the primary research question

A

Intrinsic case study

81
Q

Type of case study that looks for theoretical explanations, looks at cause and effect, helps refine theory, looks to find more support

A

Instrumental case study

82
Q

Type of case study that studies similar cases to compare and contrast them

A

Collective case studies

83
Q

Case study design types

A

Exploratory, explanatory, descriptive

84
Q

Focuses on a particular situation, event or program in case study

A

particularistics

85
Q

In case study illuminates the researcher’s understanding of the phenomenon under study

A

heuristic

86
Q

Purpose of __________ is to be a systematic discovery of theory from the data of social research, primary intent is to develop and verify theory, uses a constant comparative method for data gathering and analysis

A

grounded theory

87
Q

Search for initial codes and categories, categories are dimesionalized to reduce down to smaller number, a single category is identified as the central phenomenon of interest

A

Open coding

88
Q

From where does axial coding begin?

A

From the central phenomenon

89
Q

identification of causal conditions, intervening or shaping conditions, strategies to describe/address the phenomenon, development of a coding paradigm or a model to visually portray the categories

A

Axial coding

90
Q

More abstract and systematic analysis of the central phenomenon, validating and relating categories more closely, finding and describing the story line

A

Selective coding

91
Q

use of theoretical sampling to present a conditional matrix or theory, present propositions to support the matrix/model or theory

A

Theory via propositions

Qualitative Research Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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