Qualitative Research Quiz 1 Flashcards
The use of multiple lines of sight, using more than 1 method to collect data, looking at information from multiple viewpoints
Triangulation
Where 3 sighting lines intersect
Triangle of Error
The use of multiple data collection technologies, multiple theories, multiple researcher, multiple methodologies, or combinations of these four categories of research activities
Lines of Action
“The building blocks of theory”
Concepts
Symbolic or abstract elements representing objects, properties, or features of objects, processes, or phenomenon
Concepts
Testable propositions about the relations among our research concepts form a special class of propositions (concept clusters)
Hypotheses
Based on the notion that a sample can be selected that will mathematically represent subgroups of some larger population
Probability sampling
Type of probability sampling in which each element in the full population must have an equal and independent chance of inclusion in the eventual sample to be studied. Typically intended to to produce a representative sample.
Simple random sampling
Sampling in which efforts are taken to create a quasi-random sample and to have a clear idea about what larger group(s) the sample may reflect without a basis on probability theory.
Non-probability sampling
Accidental/availability sample, “whoever shows up”
Convenience Sample
Printed list of available population, every nth name selected from list
Systematic random sampling
Used whenever researchers need to ensure that a certain sample of the identified population under examination is represented in the sample
Stratified random sampling
Judgemental sampling
Purposive sampling
Researchers use expertise about some group to select subjects, often used with unusual phenomenon, used when researcher wants more general feel of the experience.
Purposive sampling
Chain referral sampling, respondent-driven sampling
Snowball sampling
Sampling in which subjects asked to refer other subjects
Snowball sampling
Sampling that begins with matrix/table that creates cells labeled by attributes
Quota sampling
Researcher seeks to engage fully in the activities of the group or organization under investigation
Researcher as complete participant
Researcher accepts overt or announced role as researcher, presence and intentions of researcher known to group
Participant as observer
Active attempt to remove from the research records any elements that might indicate the subjects’ identities
Confidentiality
Subjects remain nameless
Anonymity
Extent to which research findings are an authentic reflection of the personal or lived experiences of the phenomenon under investigation
Trustworthiness
Providing a detailed description of the context and circumstances surrounding the phenomena being studied
Thick description
2 purposed of triangulation
Confirmation and completeness
Use of two or more data collection instruments and techniques to overcome the bias of using a single-method, single-observer, or single theory approach
Confirmation
3 types of triangulation
Data triangulation, researcher triangulation, methodological triangulation
Use of a variety of different sampling strategies and sources to gather information and obtain a diverse view of the same phenomenon
Data triangulation
3 categories of data triangulation
Time, space, person
Collection of data at different intervals
Time triangulation
Collection of data about the same phenomenon in two or more settings to investigate the consistency of the data across sites
Space triangulation
Collection of information from more than one level of persons, including individuals, groups, collectives, and societies
Person triangulation
Use of two or more research methods or approaches in one study
Methodological triangulation
Involvement of participants in the data analysis process, providing opportunities for them to read, comment on, and contribute to research findings
Member-checking
Direct acknowledgement by the researcher that he/she is an active participant throughout the research process and therefore has a significant influence on the development of research
Reflexivity
Questions that have an exclusive concern for focus of study
Essential questions
Questions roughly equivalent to certain essential ones but worded differently
Extra questions
Stories, personal encounters, OT practice are what type of source?
Anecdotal article
Organization of literature review?
Intro, occupation-based model, body, conclusion
Research in a setting in which the researcher already holds another role
Backyard research
Term used in social analysis to refer to persons who are able to arbitrate access to a social role
Gatekeeper
People or organizations who have an interest in your research project, or affect or are affected by its outcomes.
Stakeholders
“Common rule” of IRB?
Do no harm
Qualitative research has a ________ and ______ focus?
Exploratory, descriptive
Qualitative research has an ______ design?
Emergent
What is the qualitative research process?
Generation of ideas, literature review, design, data collection and organization, analysis and findings, dissemination
8 steps of concept mapping
List the concepts, rearrange concepts from abstract to specific, order data into meaningful columns, move columns into idea clusters, review literature to explain relationships, identify examples, create flow chart, refine and make changes
Providing the criteria for measuring/describing a concept
Operationalize
Providing a working definition of a concept
Conceptualize
Interpretivist mode assumption?
No one truth
Interpretivist research purpose?
development of understanding
Interpretivist approach?
Inductive (seeking a general conclusion from specific information)
Interpretivist researcher role?
Emic (insider viewpoint)
Positivist mode seeks to measure what?
Reality
Positivist mode assumption?
Reality is measurable
Positivist research purpose?
generalizability
Positivist research approach?
deductive (general to specific)
Positivist researcher role?
Etic (outsider, detached)
Ethnography begins with what?
Social theory, ideology, or discipline
Contributes to theory development from interviews, observations, and field notes, starts with homogeneous sample, constant comparative method
Grounded theory
Working with participants to create positive change, focus on creating positive social change
Action research
2 tasks of action research?
Uncover/produce info that is directly useful to group of people, enlighten/empower average person to take and use info
2 phases of interviewing?
Getting in, analysis
Listen for the ______ voice not the _____ voice in an interview.
Inner, public
Interviewer roles?
Actor, director, choreographer
Assesses the consistency of results across items within a test.
Internal reliability
Refers to the extent to which a measure varies from one use to another.
External reliability
