Qualitative Research chap 8 Flashcards
define qualitative research and identify its characteristics
> the best way to start to answer clinical and research questions about what little is known or when a new perspective is needed in practice.
> answers the question why?
> the lived experience provides valuable insight about a particular phenomenon, patient population or clinical situation.
> human experience. qualitative presents the data so that others can understand it. Learn from ppls experience
> ppls experiences are unique
steps to qualitative study
> the researcher begins to collect bits of information and piecing it them together
> building a picture of the human experience.
Explain the underlying worldview for qualitative approaches
The importance of evidence offered by qualitative research for nursing science.
The choice of qualitative approach is reflective of the researchers worldview and the researchers question.
You can use the Critical Thinking Decision Path to help recognize different methods by distinguishing areas of interest for each method and noting how research question might be introduced for each method
What are the 6 qualitative research methods?
1) phenomenological
2) grounded theory
3) Ethnographic
4) case study
5) historical
6) participatory
Phenomenology
> A science whose purpose is to describe a particular phenomena, or the appearance of things, as lived experience.
> used to answer questions of personal meaning
> both a philosophy and a research method
“hermeneutics”- refers to a theoretical framework in which to understand or interpret human phenomena
> data collection: in-depth conversation of co-participants
> data analysis: common themes emerge
> product: in-depth description of the phenomena
what would a phenomenological question be and what would be the interest?
Q- what is the human experience of….?
I- understanding the human experience
Grounded Theory
A systemic set of procedures used to explore the social processes that guide human interaction and to inductively develop a theory on the basis of those observations.
> the study of dominant social process and social structures to find meaning
> both inductive (start with words/findings and make sense of it) and deductive (start with data and find a gap and resolution)
> Method: constant comparative method of collecting, organizing and analyzing data simultaneously
> product: a theory explaining the phenomenon under study (model)
What the grounded theory interest and question?
I- uncovering social processes
Q- how does this social group interact to….?
Ethnographic
oldest of traditions.
method of scientifically describing cultural groups.
> description and interpretation of cultural behavior
ethnography- the study of cognitive models or patterns of behavior of ppl within a culture.
> context: personal, social, political environment of which the phenomena occurs, are important for understanding the culture.
> both a process and a product
> seek Emic perspective (insider view of the world) and Etic perspective (outsider views–> the researcher)
> generalizations are drawn from special examples of details from participant observation.
> extensive fieldwork: observations with field notes, interviews, collect documents and artifacts
> product: rich, holistic description of a culture
interest and question of Ethnography
I- Learning cultural patterns
Q- how does this cultural group express their pattern of….?
Case Study
> to explore factors influencing mood and education of an older man with 7 cognitive impairments?
> in-depth description of the essential dimensions and processes of the phenomenon being studied.
> studying the peculiarities and the commonalities of a specific case over time to provide an in-depth descriptipn of the….– familiar ground for practicing nurses.
> case study can include quantitative or qualitative data or both.
> can be used for many reasons: present data gathered with another method, use as a teaching device, or as a research method.
interest and question for case study
I- capturing unique stories
Q- what are the details and the complexities of the story of….?
Historical
> a systematic approach for understanding the past through collection, organization and critical appraisal of facts.
> to shed light on the past so that it can guide the future
> look at general lines of development
> look for patterns of regularity and change over time
> search for meaning
> explain causality (cause and effect) through theory development
> generalize to other events and other times
> ex. from year 1950-1958
interest and question of History
I- uncovering the past
Q- how did this historical event influence nursing practice today?
Participatory Action
> common to community* development, health promotion*
> a systematic, participatory approach to inquiry that enables ppl to extend their understanding of problems or issues and to formulate actions directed towards the resolution of those problems or issues… action research seeks local understandings that are specifically relevant to the particular context of a study.
> Key characteristics:
1) prob originates in the community
2) goal is political/social change
3) community investigators and professional researchers are partners*
> product: change (process and outcome)
