Qualitative Research Flashcards
How do you describe qualitative research?
rich, deep analysis
rapport
focused on lived experience
What is quantitative data like?
surface level
which type of data is becoming more commonly used and in what area?
qualitative data in health and clinical areas
Why is qualitative data being used more? (Warren-findlow, 2013)
allows us to:
experience voices of marginalised individuals
contributes to theory development
allows us to understand thinking / processes in everyday life
What is epistemology?
what we think we know
What is ontology?
how do you know something
What are some myths of qualitative research?
subjective / biased
not empirical, lacks rigour
use Quant-centric terms like generalisability which is not an argument used in Qual
Advantages of qualitative data
Smaller sample size
participant-led = Spontaneity
Able to reuse data e.g use diff analysis or Q using same data
Flexible
Systematic
compatible with quantitive
Why does Quan and Qual debate exist?
positivism (Comte) principles differed from Qual
post-positivism (1960) pointed out criticism of quan methods
What are the 3 Qualitative methodological frameworks?
Phenomenology
Ethnography
Grounded theory
What is Phenomenology?
captures individuals interpretation of a particular phenomenon rather than focusing on what happened
micro-level focused
What is the most common analysis for phenomenology?
IPA
(interpretative phenomenological analysis)
Advantage to phenomenology
+ remains close to raw data
Disadvantages to phenomenology
- can miss important factors associated with phenomenon
- lacks broader, contextual factors
What is ethnography?
examines characteristics that define us as being part of a particular group
focus on peoples identities and collective experience
Advantage to Ethnography
+ captures wider perspective
Disadvantage to Ethnography
- doesn’t capture dynamic interactions between individuals in a group
What is Grounded theory?
generates inductive theory that is grounded in participants accounts
What is grounded theory useful for?
unexplored phenomena
Advantage of grounded theory
+ bridges principles of quantitative and qualitative methods
Disadvantage of grounded theory
- fails to acknowledge the researcher’s role in construction and interpretation of data
Inductive
bottom-up
starts with observations then build theory from that
Deductive
top down
beings with theory then tests specific hypothesis
What are mixed methods? (Chamberlain et al, 2011)
use of multiple methodologies to better examine the different dimensions of a given domain
use of quan and qual data
Creswell and Plano-Clark (2007): 4 basic levels of mixed methods data integration
- parallel methods
- sequential methods
- interpretive mixed
- transformation
What is Parallel methods?
Qual and Quan are collected and analysed separately
findings then compared and contrasted
What is Sequential methods?
Either Qual or Quan is collected and analysed first then other method follows
second stage usual is informed by findings in first stage
What is Interpretive Mixed?
where both types of data are analysed together
aims to understand context behind results
integration happens simultaneously
What is transformation?
where Qual data is converted into Quan through content analysis
or Quan translated to Qual descriptions
intentional transformation of one type of data into another for integration
