qualitative research

Question 1

Qualitative vs quantitative

Answer 1

questions of measurements compared to questions of process
Qualitative
decision making
perceptions and experiences

Question 2

what is qualitative research

Answer 2

words, study of people and social problems
hypothesis/concept and theory generating
understanding social phenomena in natural setting

Question 3

examples of qualitative research

Answer 3

why people smoke despite evidence

power of tobacco companies advertisement and gov policies

Question 4

positivist paradigm

Answer 4

be objective to find the truth

Question 5

interpretivist paradigm

Answer 5

many truths as we socially construct the truth

people have different perceptions and experiences=multiple realities

Question 6

quantitative paradigms (positivism)

Answer 6

world independent not effected by research

can conduct objective research

Question 7

qualitative paradigms (interpretivism)

Answer 7

not possible for objective, value free research

researcher and social world impact on each other

Question 8

when to use qualitative

Answer 8

explore perceptions, attitudes, experiences
to build theory
flesh out quantitative studies

Question 9

qualitative research should be or show

Answer 9

conducted systematically and rigorously
strategically conducted
reflexive
ethical practice

Question 10

ethical considerations

Answer 10

recruitment, informed and proxy consent, capacity
confidentiality and anonymity
risk and incentives

Question 11

differences quantitative vs qualitative

Answer 11

stance of researcher, POV for quantitative is the researcher

POV for qualitative is the responders

Question 12

criticisms of qualitative

Answer 12

subjective
difficult to replicate
generalisation problems

Question 13

phenomenology approach

Answer 13

how people experience world, human consciousness

importance of individuals subjective experiences

Question 14

ethnography approach

Answer 14

field/case study, observational and daily participation

Question 15

grounded theory

Answer 15

collect data and generate theory, starts with no hypothesis

Question 16

biography

Answer 16

how life and time influences existence

trends taken into account-social, political, gender, religion

Question 17

case study

Answer 17

intense in depth longitudinal study of group

Question 18

data collection

Answer 18

naturally occurring - record as they occur
documentary analysis - media, documents, photos
generated data - discussions, interviews, surveys

Question 19

sampling

Answer 19

convenience - most accessible
purposive - sample selected depending on research purpose
snowballing - small group, ask to refer others, repeat
theoretical - choose new cases to compare with one already studied

Question 20

observation

Answer 20

field notes
use when have lots of time, outcome observable or not sure what looking for
look for characteristics, interactions, non verbal, physical surroundings

Question 21

types of interviews

Answer 21

semi/unstructured good to probe complex issues or
clarify answers, more relaxed can get more sensitive info
professional or conversations with purpose

Question 22

issues with interviews

Answer 22

time consuming and difficult to analyse

bias, style. expensive, not large samples

Question 23

focus groups (4-8ish people)

Answer 23

informal discussion, don’t ask questions but encourage interactions
needs good moderation and participants meet criteria

Question 24

advantages and disadvantages of focus groups

Answer 24

facilitator less in control, encourages engagement and participation

needs organisation, skilled facilitator, difficult to interpret transcript

Question 25

analysis

Answer 25

assembling data into meaningful fashion