Qualitative / Qunatitative

Question 1

Qualitative

Answer 1

Exploratory research

Subjective, interviews with professors

Question 2

Quantitative

Answer 2

Based on externals and objective measurements

Statistics

Question 3

Main styles of qualitative research

Answer 3

Biography
Phenomenology - “lived experience” or phenomenon
Case study: in depth study of a single person or group

Applications of research in healthcare:

Impacted of illness and treatment
Sales and marketing
Patient education
Patient and provider behavior 
Law and policy
Patient satisfaction

Question 4

Limitations of qualitative research

Answer 4

Time consuming

Internal reviewing adds more time labor and costs

Difficulty with sharing data

Anonymity is a challenge

Info may not be trustworthy

Question 5

Styles of quantitative research (design)

Answer 5

Observational: correlational research without intervention (epidemiological)

Quasi-experimental: resembles the experimental research but lack allocation of groups or proper control. Lacks randomness, ex: affect of alcohol consumption on pregnant women- unethical

Experimental: study in which a treatment, procedure or program is intentionally introduced as a result or outcome is observed

3 components:

1. Random
2. Control group
3. Experimental group

Question 6

Styles of quantitative research (temporal cycle)

Answer 6

Retrospective; use of data or specimens existing at the time the research is beating submitted

Cross-sectional: collects data at a single point in time

Prospective: formulation of a hypothesis a collection of data over a defined period of time and then analyzing findings -looking forward

Question 7

Limitations of qualitative research in healthcare

Answer 7

Time and cost are greatest limiting factors

Generalizability - only do experiment on a small population that is generalized into total population

Source of bias
1: sampling -selecting a subset of population and recruiting tp participate in the study

2. Measurement - selection bias, self-reporting bias, recall bias
3. Other sources of bias
   Publication - finding against norm, not published

Funding bias

Lack of clinical significance

Question 8

Case series/reports

Answer 8

Collection of reports on the treatment of a single patient or a report on a single patient

Quantitative

Question 9

Case control

Answer 9

Quantitative

Patients who have a specific condition are compared with people who do not have the condition

Control group!!

Prospective
Retrospective

Question 10

Cohort study

Answer 10

Identify group of patients who are already taking a particular treatment or have an exposure

“Group of possible subjects who would be feasible to follow prolonged period”

“Inclusion criteria”

Question 11

RCT

Answer 11

Study design that randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or control group

“Randomly assigned”

Placebo group

Double blind is best

Question 12

Systematic review

Answer 12

Summarizesthe results of available carefully designed healthcare studies (controlled trials) and provides a high level of effectiveness of healthcare interventions

“Specific search engines”

“We searched…”

Question 13

Meta analysis

Answer 13

Statistical analysis of a large analysis of the individual studies to integrate the findings

Take several systematic reviews and statistical analysis

“Says meta analysis”

Question 14

4 phases of clinical trial

Answer 14

Phase I: researches test on experimental drug in small group (20-80)

Phase II: trials the experimental study drug or treatment is given to larger group (100 to 300)

Phase III: group is even larger (1,000-3,000)

Phase IV: trials, post marketing studies provide additional information