Qualitative Analysis Flashcards
What is qualitative analysis
The investigation of what kinds of substances are present in a sample
What are ionic compounds made from and what are they
Metal, non metal
Anion(negative ion)
Cation(positive ion)
What colour do these ions burn and there charge. Sodium Calcium Potassium Copper
Sodium Na+ yellow
Calcium Ca2+ brick red
Potassium K+ lilac
Copper Cu2+ green/blue
2 tests for identifying metal cations
Flame test
Adding sodium hydroxide to a solution with the unknown substance
What is the colour of these ppt when sodium hydroxide is added to its solution and there charge. Aluminium Calcium Copper(II) Iron(II) Iron(III)
Aluminium Al3+ white ppt Calcium Ca2+ white ppt Copper(II) Cu2+ pale blue ppt Iron(II) Fe2+ green ppt Iron(III) Fe3+ brown(rust) ppt
Aluminium and calcium ions produce the same colour ppt when reacted with sodium hydrxide, how can you tell them apart
By adding excess sodium hydroxide
Aluminium ion ppt redissolves but the calcium ppt remains unchanged
How can halide ions be identified
By adding silver nitrate and dilute nitric acid to form a ppt
What colour ppt do these halide ions form when silver nitrate and nitric acid is added and charge
Chlorine
Bromide
Iodide
Chloride Cl- white ppt
Bromide Br- cream ppt
Iodide I- yellow ppt
How can ammonium ions be identified
By warming the solution with sodium hydroxide. Is ammonium ions are present ammonium gas with be given of which can be identified by its distinctive smell. It also turns damp red litmus paper blue
What is a halide ion
A halogen atom with a negative charge
How are microorganisms killed in tap water
A chlorinator adds chlorine to the water to kill microorganisms. The chlorine is then turned into chlorine ions to make the water safer and taste better
What are other chemicals used to clean water and what do they do
Aluminium salts are used to remove small particles of solids
Sodium fluoride is added because it reduces tooth decay
WhAt do low levels of iron in blood suggest and high levels of sodium suggest and high levels of aluminium
High sodium linked with high blood pressure and kidney disease
Low iron linked with anaemia
High aluminium linked with Alzheimer’s and damaged digestive system
