Gases, Equilibria And Ammonia Flashcards
What was Avogadro gas law
1 mole of any gas at 25C at 1atm of pressure, occupies 24 dm3
How much hydrogen is needed to obtain 2.54g of copper by reducing copper oxide
H2 + CuO —> Cu + H20
Copper moles, 2.54/63.5 = 0.04 moles
1 mole H2 = 24dm3 so 0.04 moles = 24*0.04 = 0.96dm3
What are fertilisers and why are they important
Substances with soluble nitrogen compounds and are needed by plants to make proteins
What is the reaction used in the haber process and where are the reactants sourced
Nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia
Nitrogen from air, fractional distillation
Hydrogen produced from methane which is from natural gases
What are the two reactions in the haber process and properties
Forwards is nitrogen + hydrogen —> ammonia, its exothermic
Backwards is ammonia —> nitrogen + hydrogen, its endothermic
What is dynamic equilibrium
A state in which the forwards and backwards reactions of a reversible reaction occur at the same rate so nothing new is being produced
What happens if conditions in the haber process change
The reaction will adjust to reverse he changes, cancel them out like negative feedback
How does temperature affect the haber process
Decreasing it will increase the rate of the forward exothermique reaction to cancel the change, resulting in more ammonia, if temperature is increased, the opposite will happen
What is the balanced equation for the haber process
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
How does pressure affect the haber process
Increasing it will result in increase of rate of forwards reaction, this is because the reaction will reduce the pressure as only one gas is made (not two like in the backwards reaction). This will decrease the pressure as turns 1 mole of N and 3 mole of H into 2 mole of NH3. Opposite happens if pressure is decreased
What are the conditions for the haber process and why are they used
200 atmospheres of pressure, could be higher but equipment costs substantially more so not worth it
450C so not too hot but hot enough to keep the reactions fast
Iron catalyst to further increase rate of reaction
