Qualitative Analysis

Question 1

Flame Test

Answer 1

• Clean a nichrome wire by dipping in concentrated HCl
• Hold it in a blue bunsen flame until no colour is produced
• Dip the clean wire into concentrated HCl again and then dip into a small amount of solid to be tested
• Place wire into the bottom of the flame
• Observe

Question 2

Sodium, Na+

Answer 2

Yellow / Orange

Question 3

Potassium, K+

Answer 3

Lilac ( appears pink through cobalt blue glass)

Question 4

Calcium, Ca 2+

Answer 4

Brick red

Question 5

Barium, Ba 2+

Answer 5

Green

Question 6

Lithium, Li+

Answer 6

Crimson

Question 7

Copper, Cu 2+

Answer 7

Green-blue

Question 8

Test for ammonium ions, NH4+

Answer 8

Add an equal volume of sodium hydroxide solution and gently heat the mixture in the test tube. If ammonium is present, a sharp pungent smell will be produced this can be confirmed as ammonia using damp red litmus paper which turns blue

Question 9

Chloride Observations

Answer 9

Dilute Nitric acid and Silver Nitrate solution - white precipitate

Dilute Ammonia solution - Precipitate dissolves clear solution

Concentrated Ammonia solution - Clear solution

Question 10

Bromide ion

Answer 10

Dilute Nitric Acid and Silver Nitrate solution - Cream precipitate

Dilute Ammonia solution - Sometimes precipitate partially dissolves

Concentrated ammonia solution - Precipitate dissolves, clear solution

Question 11

Iodide ion

Answer 11

Dilute Nitric Acid and Silver Nitrate solution - Fine yellow precipitate

Dilute Ammonia solution - Precipitate remains

Concentrated Ammonia Solution - Precipitate remains