Bonding Flashcards
Four types of Bonding
Ionic, Covalent, Dative Covalent, Metallic
How is an ionic bond formed
When one or more electrons are transferred from one element to another
What is Ionic Bonding
Ionic Bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer
Isoelectronic
Describes atoms and ions which have the same electronic configuration
Properties of Ionic substances
• Non-conductors of electricity as a solid because ions cant move to carry charge. Good conductors when dissolved in water or molten
• Most dissolve in Water
• Form crystalline structures with melting and boiling points due to high strength of bond attraction between oppositely charged ions
• Can be easily cleaved
How is a Covalent Bond formed
Equal numbers of electrons from each of the two atoms in the bond are shared
What is Covalent Bonding
The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
What is a Dative Bond
Shared pair of electrons between two atoms. One atom provides both electrons
How is a Dative Bond formed
It is formed when one atom in the bond provides both electrons which are then shared between the atoms in the bond
The Octet Rule
When reacting an atom tends to gain lose or share electrons to achieve eight in it’s outer shell
Examples of exceptions to the Octet Rule
BeCl2, BF3, SF6
Properties of Simple Molecular substances
• Low mtp and boiling pt due to intermolecular forces being weak
• Don’t conduct electricity
• Most are insoluble
• Tends to be neutral or acidic in nature
What are Delocalised Electrons
Outer electrons which do not have fixed positions but move freely
What is Metallic Bonding
The attraction of positive ions and delocalised electrons in a lattice
Properties of Metals
• High mtp and boiling pt
• Good conductors of electricity
• All have high lustre
• Most are malleable and ductile
