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Level 3 Chemistry > Qualitative Analysis > Flashcards

Qualitative Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you test for an aluminium cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide: white ppt. formed, soluble in excess to form a colourless solution

aqueous ammonia: white ppt. formed, insoluble in excess

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2
Q

how do you test for a zinc cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide: white ppt. formed, soluble in excess to form a colourless solution

aqueous ammonia: white ppt. formed, soluble in excess to form a colourless solution

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3
Q

how do you test for a calcium cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide: white ppt. formed, insoluble in excess

aqueous ammonia: no ppt. formed

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4
Q

how do you test for a copper(II) cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide: blue ppt. formed, insoluble in excess

aqueous ammonia: blue ppt. formed, soluble in excess to form a dark blue solution

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5
Q

how do you test for a iron(II) cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide/ammonia: green ppt. formed, insoluble in excess

*forms red-brown ppt. when on standing in air as it oxidises

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6
Q

how do you test for a iron(III) cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide/ammonia: red-brown ppt. formed, insoluble in excess

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7
Q

how do you test for an ammonium cation?

A

aqueous sodium hydroxide: no ppt. formed, colourless pungent gas evolves upon heating which turns damp red litmus paper blue

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8
Q

how do you test for a carbonate anion?

A

add any dilute acid; effervescence of a colourless and odourless gas which forms white ppt. in limewater

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9
Q

how do you test for a sulfate anion?

A

add dilute nitric acid and aqueous barium nitrate; white ppt. forms (barium sulfate)

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10
Q

how do you test for a chloride anion?

A

add dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate; white ppt. forms (silver chloride)

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11
Q

how do you test for an iodide anion?

A

add dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate; yellow ppt. formed (silver iodide)

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12
Q

how do you test for a nitrate anion?

A

add aqueous sodium hydroxide and a small piece of aluminium foil before warming the mixture; effervescence of a colourless and pungent gas, gas evolved turns damp red litmus paper blue

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13
Q

how do you test and identify carbon dioxide?

A
  • colourless, odourless
  • bubble into limewater
  • white ppt. forms (calcium carbonate)
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14
Q

how do you test and identify ammonia gas?

A
  • colourless, pungent
  • use damp red litmus paper
  • turns the litmus paper blue
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15
Q

how do you test and identify hydrogen gas?

A
  • colourless, odourless
  • use a lighted splint
  • extinguishes lighted splint with a ‘pop’ sound
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16
Q

how do you test and identify oxygen gas?

A
  • colourless, odourless
  • use a glowing splint
  • relights glowing splint
17
Q

how do you test and identify sulfur dioxide?

A
  • colourless, pungent
  • use aqueous acidified potassium manganate(VII) on filter paper
  • turns from purple to colourless
18
Q

how do you test and identify chlorine gas?

A
  • greenish-yellow, pungent
  • use damp blue litmus paper
  • turns litmus paper red, then bleaches it

Level 3 Chemistry (11 decks)

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