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Level 3 Chemistry > Experimental Design > Flashcards

Experimental Design Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the apparatus used to measure mass?

A

electronic balance

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2
Q

what is the smallest division of an electronic balance?

A

0.01g

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3
Q

values for the electronic balance should be recorded to the nearest __?

A

0.01g

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4
Q

what is the apparatus used to measure time?

A

digital stopwatch

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5
Q

what is the smallest division of a digital stopwatch?

A

0.01s

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6
Q

values for the digital stopwatch should be recorded to the nearest __?

A

0.1/1s (depends on experiment; to account for human reaction time)

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7
Q

what is the apparatus used to measure temperature?

A

thermometer

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8
Q

what is the smallest division of a thermometer?

A

1°C

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9
Q

values for the thermometer should be recorded to the nearest __?

A

0.5°C

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10
Q

what factors are considered when choosing apparatus for measuting volume?

A

1) volume to be measured
2) precision of measurement

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11
Q

what are 4 apparatuses for volume?

A

1) beaker
2) measuring cylinder
3) burette
4) pipette

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12
Q

what is a beaker used for?

A

to measure approximate volumes only

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13
Q

what is a beaker’s capacity and smallest division?

A

100cm³; 25cm³

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14
Q

what is a measuring cylinder’s capacity, smallest division and precision?

A

100.0cm³; 1cm³; 0.5cm³

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15
Q

what is a burette’s capacity, smallest division and precision?

A

50.00cm³; 0.1cm³; 0.05cm³

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16
Q

what is a pipette used for?

A

measuring fixed volumes only (25cm³)

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17
Q

how do you read the reading of a convex meniscus?

A

read scale at top of meniscus (e.g. mercury)

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18
Q

how do you read the reading of a concave meniscus?

A

read scale at the bottom of the meniscus

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19
Q

what are factors to consider when choosing methods of gas collection?

A

1) solubility of gas in water
2) density of gas compared to air (~30)

*best method would allow for most volume to be collected

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20
Q

what are the 4 methods of gas collection?

A

1) downward delivery
2) upward delivery
3) water displacement
4) gas syringe

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21
Q

describe the use of downward delivery

A

used for gases soluble in water, denser than air

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22
Q

describe the use of upward delivery

A

used for gases soluble in water, less dense than air

23
Q

describe the use of water displacement

A

used for gases slightly insoluble/insoluble in water (e.g. hydrogen, oxygen)

24
Q

describe the use of gas syringe

A

collects most gases to measure their volume

25
Q

what is the method for drying acidic gases?

A

drying agent: concentrated sulfuric acid

delivery tube for moist gas in should be submerged in drying agent, delivery tube for dry gas out should be above the drying agent

not used for drying alkaline gases (e.g. ammonia) as neutralisation would occur (can be used to eliminate gases from a mixture of gases)

26
Q

what is the method for drying alkaline gases?

A

drying agent: calcium oxide (quicklime)

used mainly to dry ammonia gas

not used for drying acidic gases (e.g. carbon dioxide) as neutralisation would occur (can be used to eliminate gases from a mixture of gases)

27
Q

what is the method for drying neutral gases?

A

drying agent: fused calcium oxide

fused calcium oxide can dry most gases except ammonia (calcium oxide would react to ammonia gas)

neutral gases can be dried using acidic, alkaline or neutral drying agents

28
Q

what is the nature of hydrogen (H₂)?

A

neutral

29
Q

what is the nature of oxygen (O₂)?

A

neutral

30
Q

what is the nature of carbon monoxide (CO)?

A

neutral

31
Q

what is the nature of carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

A

acidic

32
Q

what is the nature of chlorine (Cl₂)?

A

acidic

33
Q

what is the nature of hydrogen chloride (HCl)?

A

acidic

34
Q

what is the nature of sulfur dioxide (SO₂)?

A

acidic

35
Q

what is the nature of sulfur trioxide (SO₃)?

A

acidic

36
Q

what is the nature of ammonia (NH₃)?

A

alkaline

37
Q

what is the solubility of hydrogen (H₂) in water?

A

insoluble

38
Q

what is the solubility of oxygen (O₂) in water?

A

slightly soluble

39
Q

what is the solubility of carbon monoxide (CO) in water?

A

insoluble

40
Q

what is the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in water?

A

slightly soluble

41
Q

what is the solubility of chlorine (Cl₂) in water?

A

soluble

42
Q

what is the solubility of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water?

A

very soluble

43
Q

what is the solubility of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) in water?

A

very soluble

44
Q

what is the solubility of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) in water?

A

very soluble

45
Q

what is the solubility of ammonia (NH₃) in water?

A

very soluble

46
Q

what is the density of hydrogen (H₂) relative to air?

A

less dense than air

47
Q

what is the density of oxygen (O₂) relative to air?

A

about the same (slightly denser)

48
Q

what is the density of carbon monoxide (CO) relative to air?

A

slightly less dense than air

49
Q

what is the density of carbon dioxide (CO₂) relative to air?

A

denser than air

50
Q

what is the density of chlorine (Cl₂) relative to air?

A

denser than air

51
Q

what is the density of hydrogen chloride (HCl) relative to air?

A

denser than air

52
Q

what is the density of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) relative to air?

A

denser than air

53
Q

what is the density of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) relative to air?

A

denser than air

54
Q

what is the density of ammonia (NH₃) relative to air?

A

less dense than air

Level 3 Chemistry (11 decks)

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