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RADT 251 - Advanced Imaging Modalities > QM QA QC > Flashcards

QM QA QC Flashcards

1
Q

the attributes of a product or service offering its specific attributes to a degree of excellence

A

definition of quality

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2
Q

evaluation of different processes or tasks that occur in order to perform your job well

A

quality improvement

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3
Q

things that managers need to assure are present in the department, such as qualified technologists

A

quality assurance

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4
Q

the testing of equipment and accessories to ensure that they are working well

A

quality control

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5
Q

what is a quality radiograph?

A

one that posesses sufficient density, adequate penetration, appropriate contrast, defined structural outlines and resolution between tissue opacities

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6
Q

what must be developed to assess if a product or service meets, fails, exceeds standards?

A

standard criteria

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7
Q

an image density of ___ on anatomy of interest is a standard to evaluate density

A

1.0 DU

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8
Q

the extent to which the service provided is expected to meet the standard criteria and achieve the most favorable result

A

degree of quality

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9
Q

accepted standard deviation of density

A

20% or .2 DU above or below

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10
Q

goal of quality management

A

zero defect

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11
Q

zero defect

A

free of any flaws or deficiencies

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12
Q

where do non-technical characteristics prevail

A

determination of quality to customers, communication methods, degree and standard of patient care, cleanliness and design of facility’s environment

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13
Q

in order for a facility to measure quality of services, it must define and understand

A

its purpose, responsibilities, and objectives

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14
Q

how does a facility define and understand purpose, responsibilities, and objectives?

A

defining vision, mission, business values, and guiding principles

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15
Q

mission statements are designed to provide

A

the organization, employees, and customers with a true understanding of the operation and ultimate goal of the organization

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16
Q

the understanding of what resources the business must develop and value to success

A

business values

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17
Q

provide the values and strength for an organization to work during times of change

A

guiding principles

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18
Q

A management responsibility to assess safe and proper performance

A

Quality assurance

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19
Q

In addition to quality control, quality assurance includes:

A

preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, education and training

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20
Q

The development of equipment specifications (list of features) is part of

A

quality assurance

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21
Q

Which of the following persons must be involved in a Quality Management program at an imaging facility?

A

administrative director, medical director, technologists

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22
Q

Quality assurance programs are important, because they enable departments to

A

maintain a minimum of education / training qualifications, reduce unnecessary wastes and associated costs, improve technologists’ performance

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23
Q

Quality Improvement programs include quality assurance, quality control and:

A

evaluation and improvement of all clinical processes

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24
Q

Quality can be defined as

A

attributes or characteristics of a material at a specified level

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25
Zero defect refers to which of the following conditions?
free of any deficiencies
26
Which of the following expectations are often expected and not evaluated by customers?
technical skill
27
A mission statement for an organization should identify which of the following?
all
28
One purpose of a quality management team is to
encourage and necessitate formal discussions of quality issues
29
Which of the following are not a part of the quality improvement evaluation process?
Direct
30
When evaluating the services a facility provides, the quality management plan should include
service attributes, the technical work, interpersonal skills
31
A series of regular detailed inspections, checks and calibrations of equipment's electrical and mechanical components to ensure the equipment is operating properly, accurately and safely is referred to as:
preventative maintenance
32
A list of desired features of a new imaging unit used to solicit purchase bids is referred to as:
equipment specifications
33
The evaluation of the effectiveness of report generation is part of which of the following?
quality improvement
34
After a new unit is installed and before use, which of the following should be performed?
acceptance testing
35
The management of staffing qualifications and training are generally part of which of the following programs?
quality assurance
36
Which of the following would not be considered under quality assurance?
work flow productivity measurements
37
Which of the following is not a benefit of a well organized and implemented quality management program?
greater staffing levels
38
Quality Control can be best defined as
A set of tests or tools that measure equipment performance
39
Testing to check mA linearity is a component of which of the following activities?
quality control
40
Which of the following areas of the radiographic imaging chain should be routinely checked to ensure safe and proper operation?
cassettes and grids, radiographic processor, the darkroom environment
41
Dust and dirt in a darkroom can be more easily visualized under which of the following conditions?
blacklight
42
When assessing the operation and integrity of view boxes, an R.T. should evaluate?
consistency in color of bulbs, the color and consistency of white plexiglass covers, consistency in illumination between boxes
43
When measuring the daily sensitivity of film processing which of the following are evaluated?
base plus fog, Speed index (MD), Contrast index (HD)
44
To test the congruency of the collimator light or collimator alignment, an R.T. would perform which of the following tests?
nine penny test
45
Congruency between the light field and the image receptor should not be more than what percent off?
3% of the SID
46
Reciprocity testing measures:
consistency of MAS values
47
MA linearity testing measures:
the doubling effect of mA stations
48
When testing viewboxes for light intensity, a photometer measures the light emanating from the surface of the viewbox cover. What is the preferred light intensity for radiography?
500 candelas (ft-c)
49
The spinning top test can be used to measure:
timer accuracy
50
If an R.T. does not have the access to a sensitometer, the R.T. could use, which of the following devices to make a reproducible sensitometric image everyday?
penetrometer
51
The CONTRAST index is the difference between the step closest to 2.2 but not over and the step closest to _______ but not under.
.45
52
Wisconsin Test Cassette or a Argon Crooke's tube can be used to measure which of the following aspects of x-ray production?
kV accuracy
53
A term used to describe the alignment between two devices, such as grid and tabletop is:
congruency
54
When inspecting the integrity of a processing unit, the R.T. must check:
integrity of electrical wiring, the gears and solution tank condition, spillage and cleanliness
55
Testing to check kV accuracy must not deviate more than:
5%
56
Repeat Image analysis provides information about:
understanding of exposure factor standards, an individual's technical performance, equipment problems
57
A MANAGEMENT responsibility to assess safe and proper performance.
Quality Assurance
58
Quality Assurance includes
PM Equipment Specs Acceptance Testing Education and Training Quality Control
59
Development of equipment specs is part of what?
Quality Assurance
60
Evaluation and improvement of all clinical processes
Quality Improvement
61
attributes or characteristics of a material at a specified level
Quality
62
Intent/importance of of organizational goal and how it will be reached degree of commitment products and services will provide market products will be delivered scope of each individual
Mission Statement
63
Quality Management Program should consider
the technical work medical care provided interpersonal relationships the physical environment service attributes.
64
A series of regular detailed inspections, checks and calibrations of equipment's electrical and mechanical components to ensure the equipment is operating properly, accurately and safely is referred to as
Preventative Maintenance
65
A list of desired features of a new imaging unit used to solicit purchase bids is referred to as:
Equipment Specifications
66
The evaluation of the effectiveness of report generation is part of which
Quality Improvement
67
After a new unit is installed and before use, which of the following should be performed
acceptance testing
68
The management of staffing qualifications and training are generally part of what program?
quality assurance
69
A set of tests or tools that measure equipment performance
quality control
70
Testing to check mA linearity is a component of what
quality control
71
To test the congruency of the collimator light or collimator alignment, an R.T. would perform which test
nine penny
72
Reciprocity testing measures what
mAs value consistency
73
mA linearity measures what
the doubling effect of mA stations
74
The spinning top test measures what
timer accuracy
75
Wisconsin Test Cassette or a Argon Crooke's tube can be used to measure which aspects of x-ray production?
kV accuracy
76
Definition of quality must include
-be all- inclusive -describe every feature or attribute, -describe any other criteria that it must possess so as not to hinder its ability to possess the level of quality sought and perform the job it was intended to do.
77
This must: -be stimulating and achievable -it should define quality as it relates specifically to the facility, its ultimate goal -instill the importance of this goal and a sense of belonging to the organization, commitment of the organization as well as the expectations of customers and vendors
Vision
78
Mission Statement must include
-intent of organization -degree of commitment of org -products & services offered -market to which products will be delivered -scope of each responsible individual
79
What resources the business must develop and value to succeed
Business Values
80
Provide values and strength for an organization to work through during times of change- provides security and empowerment
Guiding Principles
81
This includes: In-service Education, Preventative Maintenance, Equipment Specifications, Acceptance Testing, Quality Control Testing, & Quality Improvement Initiatives
Quality Assurance
82
Thorough inspection and performance testing
Type 1 PM
83
Equipment condition and integrity survey
Type 2 PM
84
Equipment operation and safety inspection
Type 3 PM
85
Stepwedge is also referred to as a
Penetrometer
86
Processor Water tested how often
quarterly
87
Processor time tested how often
monthly
88
darkroom lights tested how often
biannually
89
darkroom environment tested how often
monthly
90
Image quality repeat assessment tested
monthly
91
All imaging equiptment & Radiation protection devices checked
annually
92
All accessory equiptment checked
biannually
93
hypo retention of 2 ______ _______ is detrimental to the life of the image
clearing agents
94
hyporetention is evaluated how often
biweekly
95
Standard deviation of densitometer
+/- 1%
96
Standard deviation of film design/ stock storage conditions
+/- 5%
97
Standard deviation of sensitometer
+/-10%
98
Standard deviation of processing conditions
+/- 5-10%
99
Standard deviation of film characteristic indexes/ measurements
+/- 15% for Radiography +/-10% for Mammo
100
increased speed index = ______ Density
increased
101
decreased speed index = _______ density
decreased
102
increased contrast index= ______ contrast and _____ density
higher, higher
103
decreased contrast index = ______ contrast and ______ density
lower, higher
104
increased gross fog= ______ density
increased
105
decreased gross fog= ______ density
decreased
106
standard deviation of radiation output, mA timer , reciprocity and linearity
+/- 10%
107
standard deviation of kV output & timer accuracy
+/-5%
108
mAs reciprocity tests what?
the relationship between mA and time at similar mAs values when kV is constant
109
mAs linearity measures what?
Linearity is the measure of a generator's ability to produce sequential increases in radiation output as mAs changes incrementally. As mAs doubles, radiation output should double.
110
Focal spot blooming can cause what image quality?
unsharpness
111
What test is done to evaluation focal spot blooming?
Pinhole camera or star pattern test
112
lack of hydroquinone will cause what image quality (reducing agent)
lack of blackness on image
113
a depletion of sodium carbonate will produce what type of image (activator)
underdeveloped/ light image
114
tool used to measure specific gravity
hygrometer
115
mammo view boxes are checked how often
weekly
116
what does the wire mesh tool test?
film screen contact- any spacing or air gaps will cause flux in density
117
Nine penny test can be used to test what 3 things
light field congruency, beam alignment perpendicularity and X-ray beam bucky tray alignment
118
Back up time/ max exposure should not exceed
500 mAs or 5 seconds
119
Patient thickness and chamber selection testing density range
+/-0.2 DU
120
Field size changes (collimation) testing density range
+/- 0.1 DU
121
Spinning top test measures what?
timer accuracy
122
standard deviation for timer accuracy
+/- 5% for times greater than .1sec and +/- 20% for times less than .1sec
123
Light field congruency standard deviation
within 2% of SID
124
Beam alignment perpendicularity standard deviation
within 1 degree of perpendicular
125
xray beam bucky tray alignment (central ray congruency) standard deviation
within 1% of SID
126
SID indicators measured with tape measurer standard deviation
+/-2% of SID

RADT 251 - Advanced Imaging Modalities (4 decks)

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