QM QA QC Flashcards
the attributes of a product or service offering its specific attributes to a degree of excellence
definition of quality
evaluation of different processes or tasks that occur in order to perform your job well
quality improvement
things that managers need to assure are present in the department, such as qualified technologists
quality assurance
the testing of equipment and accessories to ensure that they are working well
quality control
what is a quality radiograph?
one that posesses sufficient density, adequate penetration, appropriate contrast, defined structural outlines and resolution between tissue opacities
what must be developed to assess if a product or service meets, fails, exceeds standards?
standard criteria
an image density of ___ on anatomy of interest is a standard to evaluate density
1.0 DU
the extent to which the service provided is expected to meet the standard criteria and achieve the most favorable result
degree of quality
accepted standard deviation of density
20% or .2 DU above or below
goal of quality management
zero defect
zero defect
free of any flaws or deficiencies
where do non-technical characteristics prevail
determination of quality to customers, communication methods, degree and standard of patient care, cleanliness and design of facility’s environment
in order for a facility to measure quality of services, it must define and understand
its purpose, responsibilities, and objectives
how does a facility define and understand purpose, responsibilities, and objectives?
defining vision, mission, business values, and guiding principles
mission statements are designed to provide
the organization, employees, and customers with a true understanding of the operation and ultimate goal of the organization
the understanding of what resources the business must develop and value to success
business values
provide the values and strength for an organization to work during times of change
guiding principles
A management responsibility to assess safe and proper performance
Quality assurance
In addition to quality control, quality assurance includes:
preventative maintenance, acceptance testing, education and training
The development of equipment specifications (list of features) is part of
quality assurance
Which of the following persons must be involved in a Quality Management program at an imaging facility?
administrative director, medical director, technologists
Quality assurance programs are important, because they enable departments to
maintain a minimum of education / training qualifications, reduce unnecessary wastes and associated costs, improve technologists’ performance
Quality Improvement programs include quality assurance, quality control and:
evaluation and improvement of all clinical processes
Quality can be defined as
attributes or characteristics of a material at a specified level
Zero defect refers to which of the following conditions?
free of any deficiencies
Which of the following expectations are often expected and not evaluated by customers?
technical skill
A mission statement for an organization should identify which of the following?
all
One purpose of a quality management team is to
encourage and necessitate formal discussions of quality issues
Which of the following are not a part of the quality improvement evaluation process?
Direct
When evaluating the services a facility provides, the quality management plan should include
service attributes, the technical work, interpersonal skills
A series of regular detailed inspections, checks and calibrations of equipment’s electrical and mechanical components to ensure the equipment is operating properly, accurately and safely is referred to as:
preventative maintenance
A list of desired features of a new imaging unit used to solicit purchase bids is referred to as:
equipment specifications
The evaluation of the effectiveness of report generation is part of which of the following?
quality improvement
After a new unit is installed and before use, which of the following should be performed?
acceptance testing
The management of staffing qualifications and training are generally part of which of the following programs?
quality assurance
Which of the following would not be considered under quality assurance?
work flow productivity measurements
Which of the following is not a benefit of a well organized and implemented quality management program?
greater staffing levels
Quality Control can be best defined as
A set of tests or tools that measure equipment performance
Testing to check mA linearity is a component of which of the following activities?
quality control
Which of the following areas of the radiographic imaging chain should be routinely checked to ensure safe and proper operation?
cassettes and grids, radiographic processor, the darkroom environment
Dust and dirt in a darkroom can be more easily visualized under which of the following conditions?
blacklight
When assessing the operation and integrity of view boxes, an R.T. should evaluate?
consistency in color of bulbs, the color and consistency of white plexiglass covers, consistency in illumination between boxes
When measuring the daily sensitivity of film processing which of the following are evaluated?
base plus fog, Speed index (MD), Contrast index (HD)
To test the congruency of the collimator light or collimator alignment, an R.T. would perform which of the following tests?
nine penny test
Congruency between the light field and the image receptor should not be more than what percent off?
3% of the SID
Reciprocity testing measures:
consistency of MAS values
MA linearity testing measures:
the doubling effect of mA stations
When testing viewboxes for light intensity, a photometer measures the light emanating from the surface of the viewbox cover. What is the preferred light intensity for radiography?
500 candelas (ft-c)
The spinning top test can be used to measure:
timer accuracy
If an R.T. does not have the access to a sensitometer, the R.T. could use, which of the following devices to make a reproducible sensitometric image everyday?
penetrometer
The CONTRAST index is the difference between the step closest to 2.2 but not over and the step closest to _______ but not under.
.45
Wisconsin Test Cassette or a Argon Crooke’s tube can be used to measure which of the following aspects of x-ray production?
kV accuracy
A term used to describe the alignment between two devices, such as grid and tabletop is:
congruency
When inspecting the integrity of a processing unit, the R.T. must check:
integrity of electrical wiring, the gears and solution tank condition, spillage and cleanliness
Testing to check kV accuracy must not deviate more than:
5%
Repeat Image analysis provides information about:
understanding of exposure factor standards, an individual’s technical performance, equipment problems
A MANAGEMENT responsibility to assess safe and proper performance.
Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance includes
PM
Equipment Specs
Acceptance Testing
Education and Training
Quality Control
Development of equipment specs is part of what?
Quality Assurance
Evaluation and improvement of all clinical processes
Quality Improvement
attributes or characteristics of a material at a specified level
Quality
Intent/importance of of organizational goal and how it will be reached
degree of commitment
products and services will provide
market products will be delivered
scope of each individual
Mission Statement
Quality Management Program should consider
the technical work
medical care provided
interpersonal relationships
the physical environment
service attributes.
A series of regular detailed inspections, checks and calibrations of equipment’s electrical and mechanical components to ensure the equipment is operating properly, accurately and safely is referred to as
Preventative Maintenance
A list of desired features of a new imaging unit used to solicit purchase bids is referred to as:
Equipment Specifications
The evaluation of the effectiveness of report generation is part of which
Quality Improvement
After a new unit is installed and before use, which of the following should be performed
acceptance testing
The management of staffing qualifications and training are generally part of what program?
quality assurance
A set of tests or tools that measure equipment performance
quality control
Testing to check mA linearity is a component of what
quality control
To test the congruency of the collimator light or collimator alignment, an R.T. would perform which test
nine penny
Reciprocity testing measures what
mAs value consistency
mA linearity measures what
the doubling effect of mA stations
The spinning top test measures what
timer accuracy
Wisconsin Test Cassette or a Argon Crooke’s tube can be used to measure which aspects of x-ray production?
kV accuracy
Definition of quality must include
-be all- inclusive
-describe every feature or attribute,
-describe any other criteria that it must possess so as not to hinder its ability to possess the level of quality sought and perform the job it was intended to do.
This must:
-be stimulating and achievable
-it should define quality as it relates specifically to the facility, its ultimate goal
-instill the importance of this goal and a sense of belonging to the organization, commitment of the organization as well as the expectations of customers and vendors
Vision
Mission Statement must include
-intent of organization
-degree of commitment of org
-products & services offered
-market to which products will be delivered
-scope of each responsible individual
What resources the business must develop and value to succeed
Business Values
Provide values and strength for an organization to work through during times of change- provides security and empowerment
Guiding Principles
This includes: In-service Education, Preventative Maintenance, Equipment Specifications, Acceptance Testing, Quality Control Testing, & Quality Improvement Initiatives
Quality Assurance
Thorough inspection and performance testing
Type 1 PM
Equipment condition and integrity survey
Type 2 PM
Equipment operation and safety inspection
Type 3 PM
Stepwedge is also referred to as a
Penetrometer
Processor Water tested how often
quarterly
Processor time tested how often
monthly
darkroom lights tested how often
biannually
darkroom environment tested how often
monthly
Image quality repeat assessment tested
monthly
All imaging equiptment & Radiation protection devices checked
annually
All accessory equiptment checked
biannually
hypo retention of 2 ______ _______ is detrimental to the life of the image
clearing agents
hyporetention is evaluated how often
biweekly
Standard deviation of densitometer
+/- 1%
Standard deviation of film design/ stock storage conditions
+/- 5%
Standard deviation of sensitometer
+/-10%
Standard deviation of processing conditions
+/- 5-10%
Standard deviation of film characteristic indexes/ measurements
+/- 15% for Radiography
+/-10% for Mammo
increased speed index = ______ Density
increased
decreased speed index = _______ density
decreased
increased contrast index= ______ contrast and _____ density
higher, higher
decreased contrast index = ______ contrast and ______ density
lower, higher
increased gross fog= ______ density
increased
decreased gross fog= ______ density
decreased
standard deviation of radiation output, mA timer , reciprocity and linearity
+/- 10%
standard deviation of kV output & timer accuracy
+/-5%
mAs reciprocity tests what?
the relationship between mA and time at similar mAs values when kV is constant
mAs linearity measures what?
Linearity is the measure of a generator’s ability to produce sequential increases in radiation output as mAs changes incrementally. As mAs doubles, radiation output should double.
Focal spot blooming can cause what image quality?
unsharpness
What test is done to evaluation focal spot blooming?
Pinhole camera or star pattern test
lack of hydroquinone will cause what image quality (reducing agent)
lack of blackness on image
a depletion of sodium carbonate will produce what type of image (activator)
underdeveloped/ light image
tool used to measure specific gravity
hygrometer
mammo view boxes are checked how often
weekly
what does the wire mesh tool test?
film screen contact- any spacing or air gaps will cause flux in density
Nine penny test can be used to test what 3 things
light field congruency, beam alignment perpendicularity and X-ray beam bucky tray alignment
Back up time/ max exposure should not exceed
500 mAs or 5 seconds
Patient thickness and chamber selection testing density range
+/-0.2 DU
Field size changes (collimation) testing density range
+/- 0.1 DU
Spinning top test measures what?
timer accuracy
standard deviation for timer accuracy
+/- 5% for times greater than .1sec and +/- 20% for times less than .1sec
Light field congruency standard deviation
within 2% of SID
Beam alignment perpendicularity standard deviation
within 1 degree of perpendicular
xray beam bucky tray alignment (central ray congruency) standard deviation
within 1% of SID
SID indicators measured with tape measurer standard deviation
+/-2% of SID
