QL - W3 - Ethnography (ch.10)

Question 1

What is the history of ethnography?

Who, why and how

Answer 1

ANTHROPOLOGISTS conducted ethnographic research to study UNFAMILIAR CULTURES by “GOING NATIVE”

• wanted to study social interactions to understand rules, norms, routines, etc.
• human behav. in cultural context

Question 2

What is MACRO ethnography?

Answer 2

Larger culture and its institutions, communities and values systems

Usu. longer periods of study with multiple researchers

ie. studying a hospital and the midwifery subculture

Question 3

What is MICRO ethnography?

Answer 3

seems more immediately relevant to health care

** but MACRO would be more useful for policy makers

Question 4

Describe modern/contemporary ethnography

within health care context

Answer 4

focus on improvements (ie. pt care experience or health care practices)

“Depending on the lens that ethnography is looked through it could disrupt the contexts that are at play (i.e. critical ethnography” **read into more

Question 5

What are the 3 ethnographic methods and their focuses?

Answer 5

Descriptive/Conventional:
Uncovering patterns, categories and typologies through analysis of descriptive data

Critical:
All about aiming for social change through studying MACRO social factors (ie. power); based on critical theory

Auto- :
Researcher focuses on selves

Question 6

Which two nurses (?) first used ethnography in health care and had anthropology backgrounds?

Answer 6

Janice Morse & Leininger (1895)

They were different from other anthropologists b/c they were familiar with nursing language

** Leininger coined the term “ethno-nursing”

Question 7

How is ethnography in health care similar to critical ethnography?

Answer 7

Goal the studies are to bring about some type of change!

Ethnography in HC is referred to as “applied research”.
Goal = improve care and practice!

Question 8

What paradigm does ethnography belong to?

Answer 8

Interpretive

“meaning is constructed by people; is SUBJECTIVE”

Question 9

Where does KNOWLEDGE come from?

epistemology

Answer 9

Knowledge comes from the people in the cultural groups

• can provide thoughts, experiences and examples of meaning of social actions in their culture from own perspective

Knowledge also can come from the researcher (*read more)

Question 10

Ontology in ethnography

study of “being”; reality!

Answer 10

Constructivism!

what constitutes reality for a cultural group is explored with description analysis and interpretations made regarding how things are and how they work within the life-world of the group under study

Question 11

Name the 4 main features of ethnographic study

Answer 11

1. Data collection = observations + interviews
2. Uses thick description (*read more)
3. Key informants selected through criterion based purposive sampling
4. Etic-emic dimension
   Both are important, but EMIC approaches are the focus

Question 12

Thick description

Question 13

Describe the following data collection methods in ethnography:

1. Observation
2. Interview
3. Artifacts

Question 14

What is the research setting in ethnography?

Answer 14

• natural environment of those being studied

- ie. in classroom when studying students

Question 15

Data collection:

What is fieldwork?

Question 16

Data collection:

What are field notes?

Question 17

Data collection:

Why are key informants important?

Answer 17

**

Question 18

Walk through how data is analyzed

Answer 18

**

Question 19

After data analysis, there is interpretation. What’s the purpose of it?

Answer 19

*