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Master The Boards > QBANK CARDS > Flashcards

QBANK CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

AVNRT
Atrioventricular Nodal Re entrant Tachycardia

A
  • Most common form of paroxysmal Supra ventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
  • Caused by a reentry mechanism do to presence a dual electrical pathway (slow & fast pathway) in the AV node.
  • Vagal maneuvers increase parasympathetic tone which will cause temporary slowing of conduction in the AV node and an increase in the AV node refractory period leading to termination of AVNRT.
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2
Q

Urine Incontinence

A

STRESS
URGENCY
MIXED
OVERFLOW

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3
Q

Urine Incontinence /Stress/Tx

A

Leaking with valsalva
Lifestyle modification
Pelvic floor exercises
Pessary
Pelvic floor surgery

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4
Q

Urine Incontenence / Urgency / TX

A

Sudden, overwhelming or frequency need to void.
Tx: - lifestyle modification
- bladder training
- antimuscarinic drugs

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5
Q

Urine Incontinence/ Mixed /Tx

A

Feature stress and urgency
Tx: variable depends on predominant symptom.

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6
Q

Urine Incontinence / Overflow / Tx

A

Constant involuntary dribbling and incomplete emptying
Tx: - Identification and correction of underlying cause
- Cholinergic agonists
- intermittent self catheterization

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7
Q

Detrusor over activity

A

By Parasympathetic
Need to void + loss of urine
Tx:
OXYBUTYNIN
Decrease Ach activity (help increase bladder capacity and decrease detrusor contraction) decrease sense of urgency

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8
Q

If patient can’t tolerate antimuscarinic treatment due to the side effects ( dry mouth, constipation, blurry vision )

A

MIRABEGRON
BETA adrenergic agonist

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9
Q

Essential tremor

A

Tx: 1) BB (propanolol)
2) Anticonvulsants (Primidone)
- Howerver non selective Beta blocker are relatively contraindicated in patients with reactive airway disease
(Asthma, COPD, Heart block )
PRIMIDONE

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10
Q

Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis (neutropenia)
Weight gain
Metabolic syndrome
Seizures
Ileus
Myocarditis
Hypothyroidism

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11
Q

Topical glucocorticoid (eye drops)
Systemic glucocorticoid

A

Can raise IOP ( Intraocular pressure )

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12
Q

Lhermitte Sign

A

Neuropathic pain
With neck movement

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13
Q

Fetal Hydrops

A

Inmune -> Rh Alloinmunization
Non inmune -> Parvovirus B19
-> Fetal Aneuploidy
-> Cardiovascular abnormalities
-> Thalassemia (Hb Barts)

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14
Q

OAG (open angle glaucoma)

A

Insidious loss of peripheral vision related to atrophy of the optic nerve head.
Signs: enlargement of the optic cup and increase cup disc ratio (cupping of optic disc) late finding.
- patient with steroid induced OAG, may develop central blurriness due to central edema.
- Chronic use of glucocorticoid
=> Cataracts

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15
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Clx: hemolytic Anemia
Jaundice
Splenomegaly
Lab:
⬆️ MCHC
(-) COOMBS Test
Spherocytosis on peripheral smear
⬆️ Osmotic fragility on acidify glycerol lysis test
Abnormal eusin -5 maleimide biding test

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16
Q

Beck triad

A

Hypotension
JVD
Decreased heart sounds

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17
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

SBP ⬇️ > 10mmHg
During Inspiration

18
Q

Baclofen

A

Tx for spasticity
Enhance of CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter (GABA)
Agonist of GABA -B Rc

19
Q

Child Pugh

A

Ascitis
Bilirrubin
Clotting (Pt)
Diet (serum albumin)
Encephalopathy (presence or absence )

20
Q

Child Pugh mortality of 40% predictable with

A

Bilirrubin >2mg/dL
Albumin <3g/dL
PT >16sec
Encephalopathy

21
Q

Child Pugh mortality 80-85 %

A

3 of this present:
Bilirrubin >4mg/dL
Albumin <2g/dL
PT >16sec
Encephalopathy
Ascitis
AMONIA alone is 150mg/dL
Mortality close to 100% if all exist

22
Q

Tizanidine

A

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
Also improves spasticity
Perhaps by decreasing alpha motor neuron excitability

23
Q

Gabapentin

A

Neuropathic pain
Ex Pt with MS
Not effective for spasticity

24
Q

Modafinil

A

Inhibit Dopamine transporters to increased arousal and can be used to improve fatigue
In Pt with MS

25
Q

Pramipexole

A

Dopamine Agonist
Tx restless leg syndrome
No improve spasticity

26
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Blocks M3 Rc at the bladder
Preventing detrousor contractions
Often used to treat urge incontinences which commonly occurs as a result of a MS

27
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Decreases renal perfusion
Activation of RAAS

28
Q

Hypovolemia -> RAAS Activation

A

Aldosterone stimulates aggressive Na re absorption in the collecting tubules in effect to sustain blood volume.
Consequently most pt with Hypovolemia (unless taking diuretics or experiencing renal impairment)have decrease urine sodium
The fractional excretion of sodium (ratio of sodium clearance to renal creatinine clearance )
Is tipically <1%

29
Q

Anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

Methanol
Uremia
Diabetes ketoacidosis
Propylene glycol / paraldehyde
Isoniazid / Iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Salicilate (aspirin)

30
Q

Complications of positive pressure ventilation

A

Alveolar Damage
Pneumothorax
Hypertension

31
Q

Intermittent Asthma

A

Caused by leukocytes-induced acute and reversible bronchoconstriction

32
Q

Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Risk Factors

A

HTN
Antithrombic tx (warfarin, aspirin)
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

33
Q

Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Manifestations

A

Headaches, nausea, vomiting
Ipsilateral ataxia, dysarthria, vertigo
Nystagmus
Cranial neuropaties

34
Q

Loperamide

A

OTC antidiarrheal med
Stim Mu Opiod Rc in the GI tract and reduces peristalsis.

35
Q

Loperamide overdose (opiod intoxication)

A

In high dose can cross BBB producing opiod like symptoms such as :
Respiratory depression and…

36
Q

Naloxone

A

Opiod antagonist to be adm to restore adequate ventilation
Rest of Tx : primarily supportive

37
Q

Skin MRSA infection Tx

A

Clindamycin
Doxy
Linezolid
TMP-SMX

38
Q

Most common complication after a Post-ERCP

A

Acute Pancreatitis

39
Q

Pituitary Apoplexi

A

Thunder clap headache
Is a rapid onset <1Hr often associated and abnormal mental status

When associated with hypotension (central adrenal insufficiency)
Billatersl visual field deficit ( compression of the optic chiasm)
Ophthalmoplegia ( oculomotor nerve III)

40
Q

Genetic mutation alters control of inteacellular calcium
Triggered by volatile anesthetics
Succinylcholine
Excessive Heat

A

Malignant hyperthermia

41
Q

Genetic mutation alters control of inteacellular calcium
Triggered by volatile anesthetics
Succinylcholine
Excessive Heat

A

Malignant hyperthermia

42
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia Tx

A
  • Resp / Vent Support
  • Imediato cassation on causative anesthetic
  • Dantrole

Master The Boards (4 decks)

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