Q2 - Orbital Infections And Inflammations

Question 1

Graves opthalmopathy

Answer 1

• Autoimmune disease affecting thyroid gland, orbital fat and subcut tissue in front of the legs.
• Bilateral exopthalmos, reddened eyes, diplopia (thickening of muscles + fibrosis), pseudoglaucoma (cannot elevate eyes, gives false high IOP).
• treat thyroid dysfunction, systemic steroids and radiotherapy of the orbit

Question 2

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 2

• acute inflamm of orbital tissue behind orbital septum. Most commonly due to spread from sinuses or blood.
• exopthalmos, pain w eye movement, sudden vision loss and signs of inflammation.
• IV atb. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is complication.

Question 3

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Answer 3

• usually in the presence of adjacent inflammations (middle ear, petrous bone, orbital cavity).
• exopthalmos, ophthalmolplegia (paralysis of ocular muscles), fever etc.
• IV atb, antithrombotics.

Question 4

Orbital periostitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of orbital periosteum. Usually bacterial (TB, actinomycosis).
Symptoms similar to orbital cellulitis but less severe with no limited ocular motility.

Question 5

Mucocele

Answer 5

Mucus filled cysts invading orbital cavity, usually due to chronic sinusitis. Displace orbital tissue and cause exophthalmos