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General Biology 1 > Q2: Lesson 1 (Carbohydrates) > Flashcards

Q2: Lesson 1 (Carbohydrates) Flashcards

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1
Q

There are major elements that composes a human body, these are the oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. This are basically obtained from myriad of biochemical reaction that happens to us every single day. and every single organism not just humans are being fueled by organic molecule within our cell.

A

Macromolecules

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2
Q

What are the 4 Major Classes of Organic Molecule

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acid
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3
Q

is an English physician that studies about human beings

A

William Prout

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4
Q

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

A

monomer

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5
Q

The process of linking monomer is what called

A

polymerization

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6
Q

monomer — polymer

A

Dehydration Reaction

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7
Q

polymer — monomer

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

will breakdown to monomer through the use of water by a process called

A

hydrolysis

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9
Q

Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms (CHO)

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

Simplest form of carbohydrate is what you called

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

All biological energy is originally captured from the sun by plants through a process called

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

3 main groups of carbohydrates

A
  • MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGAR)
  • DISACCHARIDES (DOUBLE SUGAR)
  • POLYSACCHARIDES (COMPLEX SUGAR)
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13
Q

Have a chemical formula of (CH2O) n, where n can be 3, 5 or 6. they are classified according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule

A

Monosaccharides

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14
Q

There are 2 types of molecule group that determines the structure of a monosaccharide

A
  • Carbonyl group (C=O)
  • Multiple Hydroxyl Groups (-OH)
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15
Q

meaning a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom

A

Carbonyl group (C=O)

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16
Q

meaning a functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom

A

Multiple Hydroxyl Groups (-OH)

17
Q

monomer is what form?

A

simplest form

18
Q

polymer is what form?

A

complex form

19
Q

consists of two monosaccharides joined glycosidic linkage

A

Disaccharides

20
Q

to produce sucrose (cane sugar), what would be the combination?

A

glucose and fructose

21
Q

to produce lactose (milk sugar), what would be the combination?

A

glucose and galactose

22
Q

to produce maltose (malt sugar), what would be the combination?

A

two glucose

23
Q
  • complex carbohydrates
  • good for storing energy
A

Polysaccharide

24
Q
  • most abundant, most common organic compound
  • very difficult to digest (unless you’re a cow)
A

Cellulose

25
Q

most commonly found in plants (wheat)

A

Starch

26
Q

This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called

A

glycogen

27
Q

Used for storing energy in animal cells such as in the liver and muscle

A

Glycogen

28
Q

Are smaller and simpler than complex carbohydrates and they’re grouped together because they share an inability to dissolve in water. This is because of their chemical bonds are mostly nonpolar and hydrophobic class of carbon containing compounds

A

LIPIDS

29
Q

3 types of lipids

A
  • FATS
  • Steroids
  • Phospholipids
30
Q

Are composed of 3 fatty acids that have a long carbon skeleton usually 16-18 carbon atoms in length and are linked to a 3 carbon molecule called

A

glycerol

31
Q

is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic.

A

glycerol

32
Q

You combine triglycerol to a long chain 3 fatty acid through dehydration reaction they are called

A

Triacylglycerols or Triglycerides

33
Q

If the carbon atoms in a fatty acid are connected to each other with single bonds, all of the carbon end up connected to at least 2 hydrogen atoms. One of them picks up the third hydrogen atom so the fatty acid is saturated with hydrogen

A

Saturated Triglyceride

34
Q

But when some of the carbon atoms are connected to each other with double bonds and they’re not able to pick up those hydrogen atoms. This means they’re NOT saturated with Hydrogen and they are unsaturated fatty acids.

A

Unsaturated Triglycerides

35
Q

have double bonds in carbon chain. On the other hand, Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds at all

A

UNSATURATED AND SATURATED

36
Q

made up of starch by which the most common is

A

Amylose

37
Q

longer way to store our energy is

A

FATS

General Biology 1 (6 decks)

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