Q2: Lesson 1 (Carbohydrates) Flashcards
There are major elements that composes a human body, these are the oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. This are basically obtained from myriad of biochemical reaction that happens to us every single day. and every single organism not just humans are being fueled by organic molecule within our cell.
Macromolecules
What are the 4 Major Classes of Organic Molecule
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acid
is an English physician that studies about human beings
William Prout
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
monomer
The process of linking monomer is what called
polymerization
monomer — polymer
Dehydration Reaction
polymer — monomer
Hydrolysis
will breakdown to monomer through the use of water by a process called
hydrolysis
Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms (CHO)
Carbohydrates
Simplest form of carbohydrate is what you called
Monosaccharides
All biological energy is originally captured from the sun by plants through a process called
Photosynthesis
3 main groups of carbohydrates
- MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGAR)
- DISACCHARIDES (DOUBLE SUGAR)
- POLYSACCHARIDES (COMPLEX SUGAR)
Have a chemical formula of (CH2O) n, where n can be 3, 5 or 6. they are classified according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule
Monosaccharides
There are 2 types of molecule group that determines the structure of a monosaccharide
- Carbonyl group (C=O)
- Multiple Hydroxyl Groups (-OH)
meaning a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom
Carbonyl group (C=O)
meaning a functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom
Multiple Hydroxyl Groups (-OH)
monomer is what form?
simplest form
polymer is what form?
complex form
consists of two monosaccharides joined glycosidic linkage
Disaccharides
to produce sucrose (cane sugar), what would be the combination?
glucose and fructose
to produce lactose (milk sugar), what would be the combination?
glucose and galactose
to produce maltose (malt sugar), what would be the combination?
two glucose
- complex carbohydrates
- good for storing energy
Polysaccharide
- most abundant, most common organic compound
- very difficult to digest (unless you’re a cow)
Cellulose
most commonly found in plants (wheat)
Starch
This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called
glycogen
Used for storing energy in animal cells such as in the liver and muscle
Glycogen
Are smaller and simpler than complex carbohydrates and they’re grouped together because they share an inability to dissolve in water. This is because of their chemical bonds are mostly nonpolar and hydrophobic class of carbon containing compounds
LIPIDS
3 types of lipids
- FATS
- Steroids
- Phospholipids
Are composed of 3 fatty acids that have a long carbon skeleton usually 16-18 carbon atoms in length and are linked to a 3 carbon molecule called
glycerol
is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic.
glycerol
You combine triglycerol to a long chain 3 fatty acid through dehydration reaction they are called
Triacylglycerols or Triglycerides
If the carbon atoms in a fatty acid are connected to each other with single bonds, all of the carbon end up connected to at least 2 hydrogen atoms. One of them picks up the third hydrogen atom so the fatty acid is saturated with hydrogen
Saturated Triglyceride
But when some of the carbon atoms are connected to each other with double bonds and they’re not able to pick up those hydrogen atoms. This means they’re NOT saturated with Hydrogen and they are unsaturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated Triglycerides
have double bonds in carbon chain. On the other hand, Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds at all
UNSATURATED AND SATURATED
made up of starch by which the most common is
Amylose
longer way to store our energy is
FATS
