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UCSP > Q1 Week 2 > Flashcards

Q1 Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Society is from ______

A

Middle French: Societe[’]
Latin: Societat

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2
Q

Is a product of human social processes that is intended to meet basic needs for survival

A

society

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3
Q

Every ________ is organized in such a way that there are rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways, and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members

A

society [Palispis. 2007]

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4
Q

is an important product of human interaction and interconnectedness

A

society

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5
Q

it symbolizes the group in within which human beings can live a total common life ________

A

peer groups
social orgs. like family and kinship groups
economic
political
religious
educational groups and communities

PANOPIO 1994

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6
Q

Where did the word politics come from?

A

middle english: polletiques, polytyks

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7
Q

sometimes people tend to associate politics with _______

A

power

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8
Q

It is a struggle and compromise between the powerful and powerless, the haves and have nots

A

Politics

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9
Q

The 4 Characteristics of Politics According to Ricardo Lazo

A
  1. All questions involve the making of a common decision for a group of people, that is a uniform decision applying in the same way to all members of the group.
  2. All involve the use of force by one person or group of people.
  3. Talks about COLLECTIVE DECISION of idividuals based on defined rules of society
  4. These rules bind people together in order to preserve culture and improve human life.
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10
Q

4 Characteristics of Politics According to Haque:

A
  1. It is a collective activity, involving people who accept a common membership or at least acknowledge a shared fate
  2. Presumes an initial diversity of views
  3. Involves reconciling differences
  4. Political decisions become authoritative policy for a group
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11
Q

refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries

A

society

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12
Q

Who said that every human society is organized in such a way that there are rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members

A

Palispis, 2007

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13
Q

True or False:
Every society is unique in terms of culture

A

True

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14
Q

is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society

A

culture

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15
Q

a product of human interaction

A

culture

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16
Q

a social heritage that is complex and socially transmitted

A

culture

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17
Q

provides socially accepted patterns for meeting biological and social needs

A

Culture

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18
Q

a distinguishing factor

A

culture

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19
Q

cumulative

A

culture

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20
Q

meaningful to human beings

A

culture

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21
Q

Types of Culture

A

Non-material and Material Culture

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22
Q

Elements of Culture

A

Knowledge
Beliefs
Social Norms

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23
Q

It refers to any information received and perceived to be true

A

Knowledge

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24
Q

the perception of accepted reality

A

beliefs

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25
Q

reality refers to the existence of things whether material or nonmaterial

A

beliefs

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26
Q

these are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place, or situation

A

social norms

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27
Q

the patterns of repetitive behaviour which becomes habitual and conventional part of living

A

folkways

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28
Q

the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from bad

A

mores

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29
Q

anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable

A

values

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30
Q

the practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished products

A

technology

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31
Q

Aspects of Culture

A

Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive

Shared and contested

Learned through socialization or enculturation

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32
Q

True or False:

Culture is integrated and at times stable

A

False…culture is unstable

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33
Q

transmitted through socialization

A

culture

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34
Q

Who said the range and variations between culture is almost endless and yet at the same time cultures ensemble one another in many important ways

A

Dean Champion

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35
Q

refers to the differences in social behaviours that different cultures exhibit around the world

A

cultural variation

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36
Q

what may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered bad etiquette in another

A

cultural variation

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37
Q

two important perceptions on cultural variation namely:

A

ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

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38
Q

a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently

A

ethnocentrism

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39
Q

judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture

A

ethnocentrism

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40
Q

the attempt to judge behaviour according to its cultural context

A

cultural relativism

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41
Q

the principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture

A

cultural relativism

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42
Q

is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal indentity and learns the norms, values, behaviour, and social skills appropriate to his and her social position

A

socialization

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43
Q

the process of______________is essential because it teaches us how to behave and act within our society

A

socialization

44
Q

it is a continuous process in life

A

socialization

45
Q

Two Points of View in Socialization

A
  • Objective Socialization
  • Subjective Socialization
46
Q

it refers to the society acting upon the child

A

objective socialization

47
Q

the process by which society transmits its culture from one generation to the next and adapts the individual to the accepted and approved ways of organized social life

A

subjective socialization

48
Q

Functions of Socialization

A
  • Personality and Role Development
  • Skills Development and Training
  • Values Formation
  • Social Integration and Adjustment
  • Social Control and Stability
49
Q

it is through the process of socialization that we develop our sense of identity and belongingness

A

Personality and Role Development

50
Q

The much-needed social skills such as communication, interpersonal, occupational, are developed

A

Skills Development and Training

51
Q

Individuals are influenced or engulfed by the prevailing values of social groups and society

A

Values Formation

52
Q

The socialization process allows us to fit-in an orgized way of life by being accustomed including cultural setting

A

Social Integration and Adjustment

53
Q

Integration to society binds individuals to the control mechanisms set forth by society’s norms with regard to acceptable social relationships and social behaviour

A

Social Control and Stability

54
Q

Agents of Socialization include:

A

Family
Peer Group
Church
School
Mass Media
Social Media

55
Q

Forms of Social Norms:

A

Folkways
Mores
Laws

56
Q

These are customary pattern that specify what is socially correct and proper in everyday life

A

Folkways

57
Q

They are repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected behaviour followed within a group of community

A

Folkways

58
Q

They define what is morally right or wrong

A

Mores

59
Q

these are norms that are enforced formality by a special political organization

A

LAWS

60
Q

Component of culture that regulates controls the people’s behaviour and conduct

A

laws

61
Q

Major Value Orientations of Societies by Robin William

A

Pyramid

1st Achievement and Success

5th Efficiency and Practicality

62
Q

Values Held Highly by the Filipinos by Jaime Bulatao

A

Pyramid

1st Emotional Closeness and Security in the Family

4th Patience, Suffering and Endurance

63
Q

2 Types of Social Statuses

A

Ascribed Status

Achieved Status

64
Q

these which are assigned to the individual from birth

A

Ascribed Status

65
Q

It involves little personal choice like age, and sex

A

Ascribed Status

66
Q

It carries with it certain expectations of behavior

A

Ascribed Status

67
Q

it is acquired by choice, merit, or individual effort

A

achieved status

68
Q

it is made possible through special abilities or talents, performance or opportunities

A

achieved status

69
Q

choice in occupation, marriage, joining a religious organization are examples

A

achieved status

70
Q

a process where individuals attempt to change his/her behaviour because of the desire to conform with defined social norm

A

conformity

71
Q

__________ distinguished between the different types of conformity: compliance, internalization, identification, and ingratiational

A

Kellman

72
Q

diferent types of conformity:

A

compliance
internalization
identification
ingratiational

73
Q

also called “group acceptance”

A

compliance

74
Q

this occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group

A

compliance

75
Q

he adopts the induced behaviour because he expects to gain specific rewards or approval and avoids specific punishment or disapproval by conformity

A

compliance

76
Q

this occurs when individual accepts influence because the content of the induced behaviour - the ideas and actions of which it is composed - is intrinsically rewarding

A

internalization

77
Q

he adopts the induced behaviour because it is congruent or consistent with his value system

A

internalization

78
Q

this occurs when an individual accepts influence because he wants to establish or maintain a satisfying self-defining relationship to another person or group

A

identification

79
Q

individuals conform to the expectations of a social role e.g nurses, police, officers

A

identification

80
Q

this is when persons conforms to impress or gain favor/acceptance from other people

A

ingratiational

81
Q

it is similar to normative influence, but is motivated by the need for social rewards rather than the threat of rejection e.g group pressure does not enter the decision to conform

A

ingratiational

82
Q

non-conformity of an individual

A

deviance/social deviance

83
Q

_________ refers to any behavior that differs or diverges from established social norms

A

social deviance

84
Q

the concept of _____ is complex because norms vary considerably across group times, and places.

A

deviance

85
Q

Functions of Deviance by _____________

A

Ronald W. Smith and Fredrick W. Preston

86
Q

Functions of Deviance

A
  1. Serve as an outlet for diverse forms of expressions
  2. Serves to define limits of accepted behaviour
  3. May also promote in-group solidarity
  4. Serve as barometer of social strain
87
Q

Sociological Theories of Deviance

A
  • Functionalist Theory
  • Strain Theory
  • Control Theory
88
Q

_________ said deviance can serve a number of functions for society and asserted that THERE IS NOTHING ABNORMAL IN DEVIANCE

A

Emile Durkheim…..he gave 4 major functions of deviance

89
Q

According to Emile Durkheim, the four functions of deviance is:

A
  1. It affirms cultural values and norms
  2. clarifies moral boundary
  3. promotes social unity
  4. encourages social change
90
Q

Strain Theory is by __________

A

Robert Merton

91
Q

he argued that in an unequal society, the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as an individual reject either the goals, the means, or both

A

Robert Merton

92
Q

Robert Merton argued that in an unequal society, the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as an individual reject either the goals, the means, or both

A

Strain Theory

93
Q

Forms of Deviance that Emerges from Strain

A
  1. Conformity
  2. Innovation
  3. Ritualism
  4. Retreatism
  5. Rebellion
94
Q

involves accepting both the cultural goal of success and the use of legitimate means for achieving that goal

A

conformity

95
Q

this response involves accepting the goal of success but rejecting the use of socially accepted means of achieving it, turning instead to unconventional illegitimate means

A

Innovation

96
Q

occurs when people deemphasize or reject the importance of success once they realize they will never achieve it and instead concentrate on following or enforcing these rules that ever was intended

A

ritualism

97
Q

this means withdrawal from society, caring neither about success nor about working

A

retreatism

98
Q

this occurs when people reject or attempt to change both the goals and the means approved by society

A

rebellion

99
Q

_______ assumed that the family, school, and other social intitutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in every individual

A

Travis Hirschi

100
Q

Travis Hirschi assumed that the family, school, and other social intitutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in every individual

A

Control Theory

101
Q

refers to the efforts of a group or society to regulate the behaviour of its members in conformity with established norms

A

Social Control of Deviance

102
Q

includes the use of behavioral restraints to encourage people to follow set social expectations

A

social control of deviance

103
Q

two types of sanctions

A

informal and formal

104
Q

What is Formal Sactions

A

THESE ARE OFFICIAL, INSTITUTIONALIZED INCENTIVES TO CONFORM AND PENALTIES FOR DEVIANCE.

THESE ARE NEEDED IN LARGE, COMPLEX SOCIETIES

THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND VISIBLE INSTITUTION OF SOCIAL CONTROL.

THESE MAY TAKE THE FORM OF ARREST, PRE-TRIAL, SENTENCING, OR IMPRISONMENT.

105
Q

What is Informal Sanctions

A

THESE ARE UNOFFICIAL, OFTEN CASUAL PRESSURES TO CONFORM..

POSITIVE INFORMAL SANCTIONS INVOLVE REWARD FOR CONFORMITY OR COMPLIANCE.

EXAMPLES: SMILES, KISS AFFIRMATION, OR WORDS OF APPROVAL

NEGATIVE SANCTIONS OR INFORMAL SANCTIONS INVOLVE PENALTIES FOR NOT CONFORMING. THESE MAY TAKE THE FORM OF RIDICULE, OSTRACISM, REJECTION, OR EVEN EXPULSION FROM THE GROUP

UCSP (6 decks)

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