Q1 Week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Society is from ______
A
Middle French: Societe[’]
Latin: Societat
2
Q
Is a product of human social processes that is intended to meet basic needs for survival
A
society
3
Q
Every ________ is organized in such a way that there are rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways, and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members
A
society [Palispis. 2007]
4
Q
is an important product of human interaction and interconnectedness
A
society
5
Q
it symbolizes the group in within which human beings can live a total common life ________
A
peer groups
social orgs. like family and kinship groups
economic
political
religious
educational groups and communities
PANOPIO 1994
6
Q
Where did the word politics come from?
A
middle english: polletiques, polytyks
7
Q
sometimes people tend to associate politics with _______
A
power
8
Q
It is a struggle and compromise between the powerful and powerless, the haves and have nots
A
Politics
9
Q
The 4 Characteristics of Politics According to Ricardo Lazo
A
- All questions involve the making of a common decision for a group of people, that is a uniform decision applying in the same way to all members of the group.
- All involve the use of force by one person or group of people.
- Talks about COLLECTIVE DECISION of idividuals based on defined rules of society
- These rules bind people together in order to preserve culture and improve human life.
10
Q
4 Characteristics of Politics According to Haque:
A
- It is a collective activity, involving people who accept a common membership or at least acknowledge a shared fate
- Presumes an initial diversity of views
- Involves reconciling differences
- Political decisions become authoritative policy for a group
11
Q
refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries
A
society
12
Q
Who said that every human society is organized in such a way that there are rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members
A
Palispis, 2007
13
Q
True or False:
Every society is unique in terms of culture
A
True
14
Q
is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society
A
culture
15
Q
a product of human interaction
A
culture
16
Q
a social heritage that is complex and socially transmitted
A
culture
17
Q
provides socially accepted patterns for meeting biological and social needs
A
Culture
18
Q
a distinguishing factor
A
culture
19
Q
cumulative
A
culture
20
Q
meaningful to human beings
A
culture
21
Q
Types of Culture
A
Non-material and Material Culture
22
Q
Elements of Culture
A
Knowledge
Beliefs
Social Norms
23
Q
It refers to any information received and perceived to be true
A
Knowledge
24
Q
the perception of accepted reality
A
beliefs
25
reality refers to the existence of things whether material or nonmaterial
beliefs
26
these are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place, or situation
social norms
27
the patterns of repetitive behaviour which becomes habitual and conventional part of living
folkways
28
the set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or wrong or good from bad
mores
29
anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable
values
30
the practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished products
technology
31
Aspects of Culture
Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive
Shared and contested
Learned through socialization or enculturation
32
True or False:
Culture is integrated and at times stable
False...culture is unstable
33
transmitted through socialization
culture
34
Who said the range and variations between culture is almost endless and yet at the same time cultures ensemble one another in many important ways
Dean Champion
35
refers to the differences in social behaviours that different cultures exhibit around the world
cultural variation
36
what may be considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered bad etiquette in another
cultural variation
37
two important perceptions on cultural variation namely:
ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
38
a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently
ethnocentrism
39
judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture
ethnocentrism
40
the attempt to judge behaviour according to its cultural context
cultural relativism
41
the principle that an individual person's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture
cultural relativism
42
is a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal indentity and learns the norms, values, behaviour, and social skills appropriate to his and her social position
socialization
43
the process of______________is essential because it teaches us how to behave and act within our society
socialization
44
it is a continuous process in life
socialization
45
Two Points of View in Socialization
- Objective Socialization
- Subjective Socialization
46
it refers to the society acting upon the child
objective socialization
47
the process by which society transmits its culture from one generation to the next and adapts the individual to the accepted and approved ways of organized social life
subjective socialization
48
Functions of Socialization
- Personality and Role Development
- Skills Development and Training
- Values Formation
- Social Integration and Adjustment
- Social Control and Stability
49
it is through the process of socialization that we develop our sense of identity and belongingness
Personality and Role Development
50
The much-needed social skills such as communication, interpersonal, occupational, are developed
Skills Development and Training
51
Individuals are influenced or engulfed by the prevailing values of social groups and society
Values Formation
52
The socialization process allows us to fit-in an orgized way of life by being accustomed including cultural setting
Social Integration and Adjustment
53
Integration to society binds individuals to the control mechanisms set forth by society's norms with regard to acceptable social relationships and social behaviour
Social Control and Stability
54
Agents of Socialization include:
Family
Peer Group
Church
School
Mass Media
Social Media
55
Forms of Social Norms:
Folkways
Mores
Laws
56
These are customary pattern that specify what is socially correct and proper in everyday life
Folkways
57
They are repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected behaviour followed within a group of community
Folkways
58
They define what is morally right or wrong
Mores
59
these are norms that are enforced formality by a special political organization
LAWS
60
Component of culture that regulates controls the people's behaviour and conduct
laws
61
Major Value Orientations of Societies by Robin William
Pyramid
1st Achievement and Success
5th Efficiency and Practicality
62
Values Held Highly by the Filipinos by Jaime Bulatao
Pyramid
1st Emotional Closeness and Security in the Family
4th Patience, Suffering and Endurance
63
2 Types of Social Statuses
Ascribed Status
Achieved Status
64
these which are assigned to the individual from birth
Ascribed Status
65
It involves little personal choice like age, and sex
Ascribed Status
66
It carries with it certain expectations of behavior
Ascribed Status
67
it is acquired by choice, merit, or individual effort
achieved status
68
it is made possible through special abilities or talents, performance or opportunities
achieved status
69
choice in occupation, marriage, joining a religious organization are examples
achieved status
70
a process where individuals attempt to change his/her behaviour because of the desire to conform with defined social norm
conformity
71
__________ distinguished between the different types of conformity: compliance, internalization, identification, and ingratiational
Kellman
72
diferent types of conformity:
compliance
internalization
identification
ingratiational
73
also called "group acceptance"
compliance
74
this occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group
compliance
75
he adopts the induced behaviour because he expects to gain specific rewards or approval and avoids specific punishment or disapproval by conformity
compliance
76
this occurs when individual accepts influence because the content of the induced behaviour - the ideas and actions of which it is composed - is intrinsically rewarding
internalization
77
he adopts the induced behaviour because it is congruent or consistent with his value system
internalization
78
this occurs when an individual accepts influence because he wants to establish or maintain a satisfying self-defining relationship to another person or group
identification
79
individuals conform to the expectations of a social role e.g nurses, police, officers
identification
80
this is when persons conforms to impress or gain favor/acceptance from other people
ingratiational
81
it is similar to normative influence, but is motivated by the need for social rewards rather than the threat of rejection e.g group pressure does not enter the decision to conform
ingratiational
82
non-conformity of an individual
deviance/social deviance
83
_________ refers to any behavior that differs or diverges from established social norms
social deviance
84
the concept of _____ is complex because norms vary considerably across group times, and places.
deviance
85
Functions of Deviance by _____________
Ronald W. Smith and Fredrick W. Preston
86
Functions of Deviance
1. Serve as an outlet for diverse forms of expressions
2. Serves to define limits of accepted behaviour
3. May also promote in-group solidarity
4. Serve as barometer of social strain
87
Sociological Theories of Deviance
- Functionalist Theory
- Strain Theory
- Control Theory
88
_________ said deviance can serve a number of functions for society and asserted that THERE IS NOTHING ABNORMAL IN DEVIANCE
Emile Durkheim.....he gave 4 major functions of deviance
89
According to Emile Durkheim, the four functions of deviance is:
1. It affirms cultural values and norms
2. clarifies moral boundary
3. promotes social unity
4. encourages social change
90
Strain Theory is by __________
Robert Merton
91
he argued that in an unequal society, the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as an individual reject either the goals, the means, or both
Robert Merton
92
Robert Merton argued that in an unequal society, the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as an individual reject either the goals, the means, or both
Strain Theory
93
Forms of Deviance that Emerges from Strain
1. Conformity
2. Innovation
3. Ritualism
4. Retreatism
5. Rebellion
94
involves accepting both the cultural goal of success and the use of legitimate means for achieving that goal
conformity
95
this response involves accepting the goal of success but rejecting the use of socially accepted means of achieving it, turning instead to unconventional illegitimate means
Innovation
96
occurs when people deemphasize or reject the importance of success once they realize they will never achieve it and instead concentrate on following or enforcing these rules that ever was intended
ritualism
97
this means withdrawal from society, caring neither about success nor about working
retreatism
98
this occurs when people reject or attempt to change both the goals and the means approved by society
rebellion
99
_______ assumed that the family, school, and other social intitutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in every individual
Travis Hirschi
100
Travis Hirschi assumed that the family, school, and other social intitutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in every individual
Control Theory
101
refers to the efforts of a group or society to regulate the behaviour of its members in conformity with established norms
Social Control of Deviance
102
includes the use of behavioral restraints to encourage people to follow set social expectations
social control of deviance
103
two types of sanctions
informal and formal
104
What is Formal Sactions
THESE ARE OFFICIAL, INSTITUTIONALIZED INCENTIVES TO CONFORM AND PENALTIES FOR DEVIANCE.
THESE ARE NEEDED IN LARGE, COMPLEX SOCIETIES
THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND VISIBLE INSTITUTION OF SOCIAL CONTROL.
THESE MAY TAKE THE FORM OF ARREST, PRE-TRIAL, SENTENCING, OR IMPRISONMENT.
105
What is Informal Sanctions
THESE ARE UNOFFICIAL, OFTEN CASUAL PRESSURES TO CONFORM..
POSITIVE INFORMAL SANCTIONS INVOLVE REWARD FOR CONFORMITY OR COMPLIANCE.
EXAMPLES: SMILES, KISS AFFIRMATION, OR WORDS OF APPROVAL
NEGATIVE SANCTIONS OR INFORMAL SANCTIONS INVOLVE PENALTIES FOR NOT CONFORMING. THESE MAY TAKE THE FORM OF RIDICULE, OSTRACISM, REJECTION, OR EVEN EXPULSION FROM THE GROUP
