q1 p2 Flashcards
Harappa
(Punjab Province of Pakistan)
Mohenjo-Daro
(Sindh Province of Pakistan) is the largest
archaeological site of the Indus Valley Civilzation
Lothal
(Gujarat State of India)
Three important archeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro
Lothal
Two great scholars who have worked on deciphering the script of the Indus Valley Civilization
Asko Parpola (Finnish scholar) Iravatham Mahadevan (Indian Tamil scholar)
Sections of the Vedas
Mantra
Brahmana
Aranyaka
Upanisad
Mantra
hymns of praise to the gods (devas) and goddesses of the Vedas
Brahmana
rites and rituals mainly in the form of fire-sacrifices
Aranyaka
theosophy
Upanisad
Spiritual metaphysics
Deities of the earliest phase of the Vedas
Varuna
Indra
Agni
Varuna
Celestial
Indra
Atmospheric
Agni
Teerrestrial
Prajapati
Chief od the Vedix gods
3 ritual alters
Ahavaniya (east squarish)
garhapatya (west, circular)
daksina (south, crescent)
Ahavaniya
public ceremonies fire altar
Garhapatya
domestic ceremonies fire altar
Daksina
funerary fire altar
Mithra
steward of all the angels
Sraosha
angel of compassion and mercy
Rashnu
angel of justice
Daena
angel of comfort for all righteous persons
Haoma
angel of strength
Parendi
angel of wealth
Usha
angel of dawn
Anahita
angel of rivers
Vohu Manah
(steward of the Amesha Spentas) (male)
5th animal world
Kshatra Vairya
(male)
1st sky
Asha Vahishta
(most handsome of the male archangels)
(male)
7th offer worship call god
Armaiti
(stewardess of the female archangels) (female)
3rd earth
Haurvatat
(female) 2nd water
Ameretat
(female) 4th plant world
Navjote
Zoroastrian initiation ceremony for boys and girls
Kasti
sacred thread
Sadreh
sacred shirt
The youngster takes 3 vows that it shall try to uphold for
the rest of its life
These three vows are: good thoughts (humata), good words (hukatha) and good deeds (huvarshata)
Sagdid
dog-gaze ritual
Dakhma
arena where the corpse is disposed-off
Aushetar
1st Savior who will appear 3000 years prior to the end of the world. In his 30th year the Sun will stand in a high-noon position for 10 days
Aushetarmah
2nd Savior who will appear 2000 years prior to
the end of the world. In his 30th year the Sun will stand in a high-noon position for 20 days
Soshyans
3rd Savior who will appear just prior to the end of
the world. In his 30th year the Sun will stand in a high-noon position for 30 days
Mithra
supervisor Chinvat Bridge
Sraosha
angel of exaggeration and compassion
Rashnu
angel who weighs the good thoughts, words and
deeds against the bad thoughts, words and deeds of the
deceased on the scales of Justice
Daena
the angel who accompanies the good soul to the
Chinvat Bridge comforting it all the way
Druj
the evil spirit who accompanies the bad soul to the
Chinvat Bridge tormenting it all the way
Hamastakan (limbo)
where the neutral soul neither enjoys nor
suffers until Day of Final Judgment
Padyab Purification
(lowest) before prayers, after going to the toilet etc.
Nahn Purification
(2nd lowest) before navjote, weddings etc.
Riman Purification
(3rd lowest) after touching blood, fire-related injuries
Bareshnum Purification
(highest) after funerals etc.
3 physical aspects of person
tanu (skin and muscles)
gaetha (organs)
azdi (skeletal frame)
3 tangible aspects of person
kehrp (form)
ushtan (life-force)
tevishi (will)
3 spiritual aspects of person
baodh (consciousness)
urvan (soul)
fravashi (spark of God)
yasna
zoroastrian scripture most sacred 72 chapters. hymns by zoroaster
core of zoroastrian theology
visparad
27 chapters and deals mainly with the praises of god
videvdat
22 chapters zoroastrian law pollution purification
khordeh avesta
prayers to god. public services and private devotions
yasht
21 hyms addressed to God. only 1 spritual being
Zend
commentaries on the Avesta
Priest level
Ervad (low-grade priest)
Mobed (mid-grade priest)
Dastur (highest priest and theologian)
argyari
Argyari = fire-temple Atash Dadgah (lowest) Atash Adaran (mid-grade) Atash Behram (highest grade)
atash behram location
2 Atash Behrams in Iran are in the cities of Yazd and Kerman
8 Atash Behrams in India are 4 in Mumbai, 2 in Surat, 1 in
Navsari and 1 in Udvada