exam p1 Flashcards
Aṭṭhapirikāra
eight possessions that is sanctioned by the
Vinaya (monastic code) of Theravāda Buddhism that a novice
or a fully-ordained monk or nun
Patto
alms-bowl that is one of the most important of the
eight possessions of Theravāda Buddhist monastics
Cīvara
robe that is one of the most important of the eight
possessions of Theravāda Buddhist monastics
Vipassānā
insight meditation on the 5 themes in Theravāda
Buddhism
Paṭiccasamuppāda
Dependent Origination is a concept in
Buddhist metaphysics where all things arise because of
dependent factors including the previous moment. Nothing is
totally independent. So anything that arises will one day
perish which means it is both impermanent and “empty”
(lacking substance). Hence one ought not to get attached to
or cling to things
Parītta
Protection. It is a protection chant that is recited
by Theravāda Buddhist monastics to protect all beings from
sorrow (dukkha), fear (bhaya) and disease (roga). The three
Parītta suttas are Maṅgala Sutta, Mettā Sutta and Ratana
Sutta
Kaṭhina
the annual robe-offering ceremony by lay people
to the Theravāda Buddhist monks and nuns
Upāsaka
layman in Theravāda Buddhism
Upāsikā
laywomen in Theravāda Buddhism
Why is there suffering?
Because there is life
Why is there life?
Because there is desire for life
Why is there desire for life?
Because there is attachment to worldly objects
why is there attachment to worldly objects?
Because there is a craving to enjoy these objects
Why is there a craving to enjoy these objects?
Because there exists the phenomenon of sense-experience
Why is there the phenomenon of sense-experience
Because there is sense-object contact
Why is there sense-object contact?
Because of the existence of the six sense-organs
Why are there the six sense organs
Because there is the mind-complex
Why is there the mind-body complex
Because there is consciousness
Why is there consciousness
Because there are karmic impressions
Why are there karmic impressions
Because there is primal ignorance
Why is there primal ignorance
because there is suffering
Pessimism
Suffering exists
Suffering had causes
Spiritual optimism
Suffering can be stopped
Suffering can be ended by ethical and spiritual means
acquisition of wisdom
Prajna or Panna
acquisition of wisdom
Right Views
samma ditthi
samyak drsti
acquisition of wisdom
Right Resolve
samma sankappa
samyak sankalpa
cultivation of morality
Sila
cultivation of morality
Right Speech
samma vaca
samyak vak
cultivation of morality
Right Conduct
samma kammanta
samyak karmanta
cultivation of morality
Right Livelihood
samma ajiva
samyak ajiva
cultivation of morality
Right Effort
samma vayama
samyak vyayama
practice of meditation
Samadhi
Right Mindfulness
samma sati
samyak smrti
Right Concentration
samma samadhi
samyak samadhi
Trikaya doctrine
Dharmakaya
Buddha as a Cosmic Person
Trikaya doctrine
Sambhogakaya
Dhyani Buddhas and Bodhisttvas
Trikaya doctrine
Historical Buddha
Theravāda view
if suffering is real, the components of suffering,
i.e. “matter” & “mind” have to be equally real
Mahāyāna View-1 (Mādhyamaka or Śūnyavāda view)
“matter”
and “mind” are both relative to, and interdependent. They cancel
each other out and hence both are “empty”
Mahāyāna View-2 (Yogācāra or Vijñānavāda view)
“matter” is
dependent on “mind” for its revelation, but “mind” is
independent. Nirvāṇa is attained through meditation which done
through the “mind”. Hence “mind” is ultimately real
Main philosophers of the Mādhyamika (Śūnyavāda) school
Mādhyamika (Śūnyavāda) school of Nāgārjuna
Other philosophers of this school: Āryadeva, Chandrakīrti, Buddhapālita, Bhāvaviveka, Śāntideva
Main philosophers of the Yogācāra (Vijñānavāda) school
Yogācāra (Vijñānavāda) school of Vasubandhu
Other philosophers of this school: Dinnāga, Dharmakīrti,
Ratnakīrti, Śāntarakṣita, Kamalaśīla
Amitayurdhyana Sutra
Sutra of Infinite Life
Sukhavativyuha Sutra
Pure Land Bliss Sutra
Saddharmapundarika
Lotus Sutra
Avatamsaka Sutra
Garland Sutra
Surangama Sutra
Sutra of Heroic Effort
Hrdaya Sutra
Heart Sutra
Svarnaprabhasa Sutra
Sutra of Golden Splendor
Vajraccheddika Sutra
Diamond-Cutter Sutra
3 Great persecutions Buddhism in China
1st Great persecution 446CE
574 CE
845CE
Golden age Chinese Buddhism Era
581-845CE
Three important scholastic monks
Daoan (312-385CE)
combine doctrine of Emptiness and practice meditation
Three important scholastic monks
Daosheng (360-434CE)
preached that all living beings possess the Buddha-nature are capable of enlightenment
Three important scholastic monks
Huiyuan (334-416CE)
Daoist scholar turned Buddhist monk. Argues successfully that Buddhist monks and nuns be exempt from bowing to the emperor
monk wonhyo
popularized buddhism by singing songs with buddhist themes in public places. translated lotus and diamond-cutter sutras into korean
monk Uisang
built 9 major temples
monk Wonchuk
became a monk at three child prodigy had photographic memory translated many Mahayana Sutras into korean
Monk Jinul
advanced the meditational method
Gold age of korean Buddhism Era
Goryo Dynasty 935-1392 CE
Won Buddhism
found by Son Buddhist master Sotaesan aka Bak Chung Bin
Korean Buddhist revelation
Apr 28 1923
ilwonsang (sunyata)
golden age of vietnamese Buddhism
1010-1400 CE
Mahāyāna Buddhist countries
- China
- Taiwan
- Korea
- Japan
- Most of Vietnam
Schools of Chinese & Japanese Buddhism
DEVOTIONAL school
CHINA
JING TU
Monk Daozhou (562-645 CE)
Introduced the practice of constantly chanting nien-fo
(chant hailing Dhyāni Buddha Amitābha)
Monk Shandao (613-681 CE)
Constantly repeating nien-fo sufficient to attain salvation
Sūtra of Infinite Life and Pure-Land Bliss Sūtra
Sukhāvatī (Pure Land)
where there are no materialistic distractions
and from where the attainment of Nirvāṇa becomes easy.
DEVOTIONAL school
JAPAN
JODO-SHU
Monk GENKU (aka HONEN) (1133-1212 CE)
Reciting the nembutsu (chant hailing Dhyāni Buddha Amitābha)
JODO SHIN-SHU
Priest SHINRAN (1173-1262 CE)
Sūtra of Infinite Life and Pure-Land Bliss Sūtra
MEDITATIONAL school
CHINA
CHAN LINJI school Monk Hui-neng (638-713 CE) CHAN CAODONG school Monk Dongshang Liangjie (807-869 CE)
MEDITATIONAL school
JAPAN
ZEN RINZAI school Monk Eisai (1141-1215 CE) ZEN SOTO school Monk Dogen (1200-1253 CE)
mondo
(question-answer method of training)
koan
(verbal puzzle method of training)
zazen
(motionless meditation for many hours)
satori
(enlightenment)
wèndá
(question-answer method of training)
gōng’àn
(verbal puzzle method of training)
zuò chán
(motionless meditation for many hours)
wù
(enlightenment)
mục hỏi và trả lời
(question-answer method of training)
công án
(verbal puzzle method of training)
toạ thiền
(motionless meditation for many hours)
ngộ
(enlightenment)
moondab
(question-answer method of training)
hwadu
(verbal puzzle method of training) 화두
jwaseon
(motionless meditation for many hours)
O (오)
(enlightenment)
RATIONALISTIC school
CHINA
TIANTAI
Monk ZHIYI (538-597 CE)
Lotus Sūtra
RATIONALISTIC school
JAPAN
TENDAI
Monk Saicho (aka DENGYO DAISHI) (767-822 CE)
Mt. Hiei
Lotus Sūtra
MYSTICAL school
CHINA
HUAYEN
Monk FAZANG (643-713 CE)
Gold-Lion analogy Gold = absolute reality (one); “lion” =
relative reality (many)
Prototype and Mirror-images analogy Prototype = absolute
reality (one); mirror images = relative reality (many)
Garland Sūtra and Sūtra of Heroic Effort
MYSTICAL school
JAPAN
KEGON
Monk Roben (689-773 CE)
Garland Sūtra and Sūtra of Heroic Effort
ESOTERIC school
CHINA
ZHENYAN
Monk FOTUDENG (231-349 CE)
Lotus Sūtra
ESOTERIC school
JAPAN
SHINGON
Monk KUKAI (aka KOBO DAISHI) (774-835 CE)
Lotus Sūtra
Mt. Koya
Daily memorials for the nameless, faceless, forgotten and
unlamented
