Q Bank Flashcards
Enterococci that is able to substitute D-lactate for D-alanine is resistant to what Abx?
Vancomycin: binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine to prevent peptidoglycan formation.
A mucicarmine stain is useful for identifying which organism?
Cryptococcus
What is the cause of the genetic instability in HCV?
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lacking 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
What is Vibrio? What is a risk factor for infection?
oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacillus that causes watery diarrhea. Achlorhydria (omeprazole)
What does a virion with phospholipid-containing particle surface represent? Exception?
Enveloped virus; Herpesviruses
What are the side effects of protease inhibitors?
Lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, some inhibit P450
What bacterial factor causes septic shock?
Lipid A, a component of lipopolysaccharide that makes it endotoxic
What normally causes slow growing mass from oral trauma with pus drainage? How is treated?
Actinomyces; penicillin
How does Salmonella evade the immune system?
Capsule protects it from opsonization?
Whats the resistance mechanism for aminoglycosides?
Transfer of acetyl, adenyl, or phosphate different groups
What’s the HBV genome?
partially, double stranded, circular DNA
What are catalase positive gram positive?
Staph
What are the catalase negative gram positive cocci?
Strep
What are the alpha hemolytic strep? Which are optochin resistant? sensitive?
Viridians strep: optochin resistant and bile insoluble
Strep pneumo: optochin sensitive, bile soluble
What are the beta hemolytic strep? PYR positive? Negative?
GAS: PYR positive, Bacitracin sensitive.
GBS: PYR neg, CAMP pos
What are gamma hemolytic? grow in bile and NaCl?
Enterococci: grow in bile and NaCl, PYR pos
Strep bovis: grow in bile, not NaCl, PYR neg
What fungus has hyphae which branches at acute angles?
Rhizopus
The presence of multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions?
HSV or VZV
What is C. diphtheriae?
Gram-positive, catalase positive, aerobic, club shaped rod; it grows on cysteine-tellurite agar
What disease is suggestive of recent travel, fever, abdominal pain, rose spots, HSM, GI bleeding?
Salmonella thyphi
What is the MOA of zidovudine?
It does not have a 3’ OH, which blocksphosphodiester bond formation
How does HBV lead to HCC?
VIral DNA integration
What is one of the side effects of isoniazid therapy? How does it present?
Hepatotoxic damage; fever, anorexia, nausea after 4-6 mo
