Q&A Flashcards
What was the scope of the French Revolution?
The result of the 1879 French Revolution was not the destruction of this or that government, but of all public authority. It was a revolution against an entire system.
What are the resemblances between the French Revolution and Religious Revolutions?
The French Revolution, though political, assumed the guise and tactics of a religious revolution. Religious commonly affect mankind in the abstract, without allowance for additions or changes effected by laws, customs, or national tradition. Therefore, the more abstract the character of a revolution, the wider they have spread, in spite of differences of laws, climate and race.
What is the resemblance between political systems in England, France and Germany in the Middle Ages?
” As I advanced in the work, I have been filled with amazement at the wonderful similarity of the laws established by races so far apart and so widely different. They vary constantly and infinitely, it is true, in matters of detail, but in the main they are identical everywhere. In all three the government was carried in accordance with the same principles; the political assemblies were constituted from the same materials, and armed with the same powers; society was divided into the same classes, on the same sliding scale; the nobles occupied the same rank, enjoyed the same privileges, were marked by the same natural characteristics - in short, the men were, properly speaking, identically the same in all.”
What was the purpose of the French Revolution?
The purpose of the French Revolution was to abolish those institutions which had held undivided sway over Europe for several centuries, and which are usually known as the feudal system; in order to substitute therefore a social and political organization marked by more uniformity and more simplicity, and resting on the basis of the equality of all ranks.
How did the institutions of society evolved from the Middle Ages up to the time of the French Revolution?
At a first blush it would appear that the old constitution of Europe was still in force; but on a closer view, this illusion is dispelled. Forget old names, pass over old forms, and you will find the feudal system substantially abolished there as early as the seventeenth century.
Did the French Revolution occur in states where the political system was the most oppressive?
A paradox meets us at the threshold of the inquiry. The revolution was designed to abolish the remains of the institutions of the Middle Ages: yet it did not break out in countries where those institutions were in full vitality and practically oppressive, but on the contrary, in a country where they were hardly felt at all.
What were the rights and obligations of German peasants in Germany?
They should not leave their seignory. If they did, they should be brought back by force. They could not marry without leave from their master. Corvees were rigorously exacted, and absorbed, in some places, three days of the week. The peasants rebuilt and kept in repair his seignior’s house, took his produce to the market. served him as coachman and messenger. Many years of his youth were spent in domestic service on the manor. A serf might obtain a farm, but his rights of property always remained inchoate. He could neither alienate nor mortgage it without leave. His estate did not wholly pass to his children, a portion went to his seignior.
What were the rights of peasants in France?
Peasant came and went, bought and sold, wrought and contracted without let or hindrance. The most important of all changes was that peasants were enabled to become freeholders.
What was the situation of the property of peasants in France before the revolution?
Peasants held one half of the landed property in the French kingdom. After the revolution, no great increase in the number of landowners can have taken place.
What were the obligations of the nobility in France before the French Revolution broke out?
It has often been remarked that, long after the nobility had ceased to participate in the government of the kingdom, the rural administration remained in their hands, and the seigniors still governed the peasantry. This too is a misconception. In the eighteenth century, all parochial business was transacted by functionaries who were not seigniorial agents, and who instead of being chosen by the seigniors, were either appointed by the intendant of the province or elected by the peasantry.
It devolved upon these officers to distribute the taxes, to repair the churches, to build schools, to administer and superintend the expenditure of the funds of the commune. The seigniors had not only lost the management, but even the supervision of these petty local matters. All parish officers were subject to the government or the central power.
The execution of the laws, the assembling of the militia, the levying of the taxes, the promulgation of the king’s commands were no longer entrusted to the seignior. They devolved upon new functionaries. The seignior was nothing more than a simple individual, isolated from his fellows by the enjoyment of peculiar immunities and privileges.
The only public department in which the nobles still had a hand was the administration of justice. Leading noblemen still preserved a right of jurisdiction over certain cases, but their jurisdiction has been so limited and overridden by the royal courts, that the seigniors who still enjoyed it viewed it rather as a source of income than as a source of power.
Even though peasants in France held more rights than any other country, why was it that they ignited the French Revolution?
The phenomenon is due party to the fact that the French peasant was a landholder, and partly to his emancipation from the government of his seignior. Had the peasantry not been landholders, they would have paid no attention to many of the burdens laid by the feudal system.
What does blunder mean?
a stupid or careless mistake
What does constituency mean?
a group of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body
What does aide mean?
An assistant to an important person, especially a political leader
What does outcry mean?
an exclamation or shout
What does moratorium mean?
A temporary prohibition of an activity
What does exchequer mean?
a royal or national treasury
What does brush-off mean?
a rejection or dismissal of someone by treating them as unimportant
What does attune mean?
Make harmonious
What does barnstorming mean?
flamboyantly energetic and successful
What does garner mean?
to gather or to collect
What does genteel mean?
characterized by exaggerated or affected politeness, refinement, or respectability
What does alight mean?
descend from a train, bur or other form of transport
What does garb mean?
clothing
What does spearhead mean?
an individual or group chosen to lead an attack or movement
What does purported mean?
Alleged, appearing to be true
What does dainty mean?
delicately small and pretty
What does pundit mean?
An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to giver their opinion to the public.
What does shrewd mean?
Having or showing sharp powers of judgement
Ce inseamna proletarizare?
Aducere în starea de sărăcie
Ce inseamna derizoriu?
Neinsemnat
Ce inseamna concesionare?
A da o avuție în exploatare; Îngăduință, cedare, renunțare (la ceva) în folosul sau în interesul altuia
Ce inseamna falanster?
Asociație de producție și consum în care muncitorii trăiesc în comunitate, după sistemul lui Ch. Fourier
Ce inseamna helvetic?
Care aparține Confederației Helvetice, referitor la Confederația Helvetică
Ce inseamna consecvent?
statornic, conform cu principiile sale, credincios ideilor sale
Ce inseamna repudiere?
Respingere; renegare;
Ce inseamna a propasi?
A progresa, a prospera, a se dezvolta
Ce inseamna anacronic?
Nepotrivit cu obiceiurile sau ideile actuale
Ce inseamna brigandaj?
Talharie la drumul mare
Ce inseamna deziderat?
Dorinta, cerere
Ce inseamna fond funciar?
totalitatea suprafețelor de teren (inclusiv terenurile acoperite de ape) aflate între granițele unei țări, ale unei unități administrativ-teritoriale sau aparținând unei unități agricole
Ce inseamna a degreva?
A scădea, a reduce sarcinile sau obligațiile impuse unei persoane fizice sau unei instituții
Ce inseamna precumpanitor?
care constituie elementul hotărâtor; predominant, preponderent.
Ce inseamna indrituire?
Indreptatire
Ce inseamna a greva?
A împovăra (o proprietate) cu ipoteci, (un buget) cu cheltuieli; a supune ceva unor condiții grele
Ce inseamna principial?
Care este in concordanta cu un principiu
What does stint mean?
a person’s fixed or allotted period of work
What does face down mean?
you oppose them or defeat them by being confident and looking at them boldly
What does stifle mean?
restrain (a reaction) or stop oneself acting on (an emotion).
What does muster mean?
Collect or assemble
What does laggard mean?
a person who makes slow progress and falls behind others.
What does ominously mean?
a person who makes slow progress and falls behind others.
What does flout mean?
openly disregard; mock; scoff
What does dissent mean?
to differ in sentiment or opinion
consequential?
following as a result or effect.; important; significant.
curtail?
reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.
grumble
complain about something in a bad-tempered way
swathes
a broad strip or area of something.
rite of passage
a ceremony or event marking an important stage in someone’s life, especially birth, the transition from childhood to adulthood, marriage, and death.
filibuster
a political procedure where one or more members of parliament or congress debate over a proposed piece of legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision being made on the proposal
decrepit
worn out or ruined because of age or neglect.
placate
make (someone) less angry or hostile.
What is the name of the head of NASA?
Jim Bridenstine
What are the name of the austrounats who fly in the dragon crew capsule mission?
Doug Hurley and Bob Benkhen
What is the name of the SpaceX rocket?
Falcon 9
What is the name of the SpaceX capsule?
Dragon capsule
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
Troposphere -> Stratosphere -> Mesosphere -> Thermosphere -> Exosphere
At what height is the troposhpere?
12 Km
What is the height of the stratosphere?
12-50 km
What is the height of the mesosphere?
50-80 km
What is the height of the termosphere?
80-700 km
In which atmosphere layer can you find the ISS?
In the termosphere
What is the height of the exosphere?
700-10000 km
