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Pyschological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Prototypical psychotic disorder. Split the mind from reality

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2
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Behaviors, thoughts, or feelings added to normal behavior

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3
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Absence of normal or desired behavior

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4
Q

Delusions

A

Positive Symptom of Schizophrenia. False beliefs discordant with reality

Ex: TV characters as “friends”

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5
Q

Hallucinations

A

Positive symptom of schizophrenia.
Perceptions with a sense of reality

Ex: “Hearing voices”

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6
Q

Disorganized thought

A

Positive symptom of Schizophrenia.
Loosening of associations.
Change subjects so quickly it’s hard to understand the train of thought

“Word salad”

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7
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

Positive symptom of Schizophrenia.
Inability to carry out activities of daily living

Ex: requires daily support

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8
Q

What are the four categories of Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior

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9
Q

Disturbance of affect

A

Negative symptom of Schizophrenia.
Distortion of ability to express emotion
Ex: laughing when describing a severe disease

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10
Q

Avolition

A

Negative symptom of Schizophrenia.
Decreased engagement in goal-directed actions.
Lose sense of goal setting

Ex: working less frequently and for shorter duration

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11
Q

What are the (2) negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Disturbance of affect, avolition

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12
Q

What do medications for schizophrenia generally treat?

A

Medications for schizophrenia generally suppress positive symptoms w/o treating negative symptoms

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13
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Episodic and severe enough to interfere with daily functions

Disproportionate to stimuli that triggered it

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14
Q

Symptoms of Major depressive disorder (SIG E CAPS)

A 
Sleep disturbances
loss of Interest in activities 
excessive Guilt
decreased Energy
difficulty Concentrating
Appetite disturbances 
Psychomotor symptoms (feeling slowed down)
Suicidal thoughts
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15
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Less severe and longer in duration

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16
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A

A Major depressive disorder with seasonal onset

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17
Q

Symptoms of SAD

A

Present in winter months– has to do with amount of direct sunlight we get

Abnormal melatonin metabolism–way melatonin metabolized when decreased exposure to sunlight

Bright light therapy

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18
Q

Bipolar (Manic Depressive) Disorder 1

A

Classic cycles of Mania + Depression

Manic episodes w/ or w/o major depressive episodes

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19
Q

Mania

A

Rapid onset and brief duration (days)

Euphoria– pathological and destructive in nature

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20
Q

Depression

A

Slow onset and long duration (weeks)

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21
Q

Manic symptoms (DIG FAST)

A 
Distractible
Insomnia
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Agitation
pressured Speech
Thoughtlessness and risky behavior
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22
Q

Bipolar 2 Disorder

A

Mania is less severe and less disruptive in life

At least one major depressive episode

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23
Q

Hypomania

A

Doesn’t significantly impair functioning

Less (hypo) extreme mania

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24
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Both mania and depression less severe

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25
Anxiety disorders
Characterized by disproportionate and severe fear and worry about things most people encounter in everyday life Longer duration: At least 6 months Trigger Disruption of Function
26
General Anxiety Disorder
Disproportionate anxiety to everyday tasks Persistent worry about many things Ex: mortgage payments
27
Specific phobia
Irrational fear of a specific object | Ex: spiders
28
Social anxiety disorder
Fear or anxiety in social situations | Fear of being embarrassed
29
Agoraphobia
Fear of places where escape is difficult | Ex: uncomfortable leaving the house
30
Panic disorder
Sense of impending doom | Ex: activation of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
31
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Anxiety driven 1) Persistent irrational thought (in face of evidence to the contrary) 2) Obsessions + Compulsions
32
Obsessions
Persistent intrusive thoughts
33
Compulsion
Irrational repetitive actions
34
Body dysmorphic disorder
A form of OCD. Obsess over one body feature. Unrealistic, distorted view of appearance -->acts to change appearance
35
Dissociative disorders
Avoidance of stressors by escape form identity and reality
36
Dissociative amnesia
Missing memories of past experiences due to psychological trauma Ex: loved one dying
37
Dissociative identity disorder
Two or more personalities that alternate or compete for control (cope with a stressful event) * multiple personality disorder
38
Depersonalization/ derealization disorder
Feel detached from mind and body
39
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Affected individual experiences pain, injury, or illness that cannot be explained by a medical condition
40
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Symptom not linked to a medical condition | Ex: back pain from stress
41
Illness anxiety disorder
Thoughts of specific condition | Ex: hypochondriac
42
Conversion disorder
Motor or sensory symptoms, linked to stress (doesn't seem to be caused by underlying neurological problem) Ex: blindness from tragic event
43
Personality disorders
Behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive, ego-syntonic
44
Ego-syntonic
Don't see an issue with their behavior | "I just like things to be clean."
45
Ego-dystonic
Realize behavior abnormal etc. Not a part of true personality. Thrust upon the person. "I can't stop washing my hands because of the germs."
46
What are the (3) clusters of personality disorder?
Cluster A "Weird" Cluster B "Wild" (impulsive) Cluster C "Worried" (anxious)
47
Cluster A
Behavior that is odd or eccentric
48
Paranoid
Cluster A | Pervasive (intense) mistrust and suspiciousness of others
49
Schizotypal
Cluster A Odd and magical thinking Ex: believe in superstitions and clairvoyance
50
Schizoid
Cluster A Few interpersonal relationships Ex: no desire for social interaction
51
Cluster B
Dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior
52
Antisocial
Cluster B Disregard for rights ands laws, lacks empathy Ex: bad guy/ serial killer on crime shows
53
Borderline
Cluster B Instability in mood, identity, relationships Ex: Intense fear of abandonment. Expecting everyone to disappoint Ex: view others as either all good or all bad
54
Histrionic
Cluster B | Needs to be center of attention
55
Narcissistic
Cluster B Needs to be loved and admired by others Ex: crippling insecurity. Tries to prove their sense of worth all the time
56
Cluster C
Anxious or fearful behavior
57
Avoidant
Cluster C Extreme shyness and fear of rejection. Ex: keep relationships and jobs for life. Don't like starting over
58
Dependent
Cluster C Need for reassurance from others Ex: put all dependency on one person and depend on that person to make decisions and be responsible for actions
59
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Cluster C Obsessed with perfectionism Like rules. Ego-syntonic (don't think anything wrong with behavior) Lack of desire to change (despise change) Excessive stubbornness Careful routines
60
OCPD vs OCD
OCPD: ego-syntonic Don't feel anything wrong with behavior OCD: ego-dystonic Tend to know behavior is unusual or inconvenient. Can't help it

Behavioral Science (6 decks)

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