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Behavioral Science > Pyschological Disorders > Flashcards

Pyschological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Prototypical psychotic disorder. Split the mind from reality

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2
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Behaviors, thoughts, or feelings added to normal behavior

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3
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Absence of normal or desired behavior

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4
Q

Delusions

A

Positive Symptom of Schizophrenia. False beliefs discordant with reality

Ex: TV characters as “friends”

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5
Q

Hallucinations

A

Positive symptom of schizophrenia.
Perceptions with a sense of reality

Ex: “Hearing voices”

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6
Q

Disorganized thought

A

Positive symptom of Schizophrenia.
Loosening of associations.
Change subjects so quickly it’s hard to understand the train of thought

“Word salad”

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7
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

Positive symptom of Schizophrenia.
Inability to carry out activities of daily living

Ex: requires daily support

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8
Q

What are the four categories of Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior

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9
Q

Disturbance of affect

A

Negative symptom of Schizophrenia.
Distortion of ability to express emotion
Ex: laughing when describing a severe disease

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10
Q

Avolition

A

Negative symptom of Schizophrenia.
Decreased engagement in goal-directed actions.
Lose sense of goal setting

Ex: working less frequently and for shorter duration

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11
Q

What are the (2) negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Disturbance of affect, avolition

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12
Q

What do medications for schizophrenia generally treat?

A

Medications for schizophrenia generally suppress positive symptoms w/o treating negative symptoms

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13
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Episodic and severe enough to interfere with daily functions

Disproportionate to stimuli that triggered it

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14
Q

Symptoms of Major depressive disorder (SIG E CAPS)

A 
Sleep disturbances
loss of Interest in activities 
excessive Guilt
decreased Energy
difficulty Concentrating
Appetite disturbances 
Psychomotor symptoms (feeling slowed down)
Suicidal thoughts
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15
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Less severe and longer in duration

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16
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A

A Major depressive disorder with seasonal onset

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17
Q

Symptoms of SAD

A

Present in winter months– has to do with amount of direct sunlight we get

Abnormal melatonin metabolism–way melatonin metabolized when decreased exposure to sunlight

Bright light therapy

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18
Q

Bipolar (Manic Depressive) Disorder 1

A

Classic cycles of Mania + Depression

Manic episodes w/ or w/o major depressive episodes

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19
Q

Mania

A

Rapid onset and brief duration (days)

Euphoria– pathological and destructive in nature

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20
Q

Depression

A

Slow onset and long duration (weeks)

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21
Q

Manic symptoms (DIG FAST)

A 
Distractible
Insomnia
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Agitation
pressured Speech
Thoughtlessness and risky behavior
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22
Q

Bipolar 2 Disorder

A

Mania is less severe and less disruptive in life

At least one major depressive episode

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23
Q

Hypomania

A

Doesn’t significantly impair functioning

Less (hypo) extreme mania

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24
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

Both mania and depression less severe

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25
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Characterized by disproportionate and severe fear and worry about things most people encounter in everyday life

Longer duration: At least 6 months
Trigger
Disruption of Function

26
Q

General Anxiety Disorder

A

Disproportionate anxiety to everyday tasks
Persistent worry about many things
Ex: mortgage payments

27
Q

Specific phobia

A

Irrational fear of a specific object

Ex: spiders

28
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Fear or anxiety in social situations

Fear of being embarrassed

29
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of places where escape is difficult

Ex: uncomfortable leaving the house

30
Q

Panic disorder

A

Sense of impending doom

Ex: activation of sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

31
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Anxiety driven

1) Persistent irrational thought (in face of evidence to the contrary)
2) Obsessions + Compulsions

32
Q

Obsessions

A

Persistent intrusive thoughts

33
Q

Compulsion

A

Irrational repetitive actions

34
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

A form of OCD.
Obsess over one body feature.
Unrealistic, distorted view of appearance
–>acts to change appearance

35
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Avoidance of stressors by escape form identity and reality

36
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Missing memories of past experiences due to psychological trauma
Ex: loved one dying

37
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Two or more personalities that alternate or compete for control (cope with a stressful event)

  • multiple personality disorder
38
Q

Depersonalization/ derealization disorder

A

Feel detached from mind and body

39
Q

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

A

Affected individual experiences pain, injury, or illness that cannot be explained by a medical condition

40
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

Symptom not linked to a medical condition

Ex: back pain from stress

41
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Thoughts of specific condition

Ex: hypochondriac

42
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Motor or sensory symptoms, linked to stress (doesn’t seem to be caused by underlying neurological problem)

Ex: blindness from tragic event

43
Q

Personality disorders

A

Behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive, ego-syntonic

44
Q

Ego-syntonic

A

Don’t see an issue with their behavior

“I just like things to be clean.”

45
Q

Ego-dystonic

A

Realize behavior abnormal etc.
Not a part of true personality. Thrust upon the person.

“I can’t stop washing my hands because of the germs.”

46
Q

What are the (3) clusters of personality disorder?

A

Cluster A “Weird”
Cluster B “Wild” (impulsive)
Cluster C “Worried” (anxious)

47
Q

Cluster A

A

Behavior that is odd or eccentric

48
Q

Paranoid

A

Cluster A

Pervasive (intense) mistrust and suspiciousness of others

49
Q

Schizotypal

A

Cluster A
Odd and magical thinking

Ex: believe in superstitions and clairvoyance

50
Q

Schizoid

A

Cluster A
Few interpersonal relationships

Ex: no desire for social interaction

51
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior

52
Q

Antisocial

A

Cluster B
Disregard for rights ands laws, lacks empathy

Ex: bad guy/ serial killer on crime shows

53
Q

Borderline

A

Cluster B
Instability in mood, identity, relationships

Ex: Intense fear of abandonment. Expecting everyone to disappoint

Ex: view others as either all good or all bad

54
Q

Histrionic

A

Cluster B

Needs to be center of attention

55
Q

Narcissistic

A

Cluster B
Needs to be loved and admired by others

Ex: crippling insecurity. Tries to prove their sense of worth all the time

56
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious or fearful behavior

57
Q

Avoidant

A

Cluster C
Extreme shyness and fear of rejection.

Ex: keep relationships and jobs for life. Don’t like starting over

58
Q

Dependent

A

Cluster C
Need for reassurance from others

Ex: put all dependency on one person and depend on that person to make decisions and be responsible for actions

59
Q

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

A

Cluster C
Obsessed with perfectionism
Like rules.
Ego-syntonic (don’t think anything wrong with behavior)
Lack of desire to change (despise change)
Excessive stubbornness
Careful routines

60
Q

OCPD vs OCD

A

OCPD: ego-syntonic
Don’t feel anything wrong with behavior

OCD: ego-dystonic
Tend to know behavior is unusual or inconvenient. Can’t help it

Behavioral Science (6 decks)

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