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Behavioral Science > Practice test 2 > Flashcards

Practice test 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

Based upon expectations of others

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2
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Centered on use of free will, and how to best apply it

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3
Q

Biological perspective

A

Based on biological inheritance

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4
Q

Behaviorist perspective

A

Related to external stimuli experienced by the person

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5
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

Individuals change their behavior because they are aware that they’re being studied

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6
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Circumstances in which participants guess the hypothesis of the study and change their behavior to match the hypothesis (or rarely deny)

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7
Q

Observational error

A

Difference between the measured value and it’s true value

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8
Q

Systematic error

A

Error in measurement, consistent in that each measurement is incorrect by approximately same amount

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9
Q

Belief perseverance

A

When presented with information of varying opinion, people are more likely to believe information that confirms their opinion and discount evidence that refutes it

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10
Q

Weber’s law

A

Justified Noticeable Difference

Change/original –> Percentage

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11
Q

Dizziness and difficulty hearing suggests?

A

Inner ear problem

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12
Q

Cochlea

A

Involved in pitch and intensity of sounds

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13
Q

Semi-circular canals

A

Problem –> dizziness (more) hearing loss, poor balance

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14
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Use of increasingly proximal stimuli to gradually reduce fear response in an individual –> diminish function of amygdala

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15
Q

Borderline disorder

A

Attention seeking behavior
Irritable when ignored
Risky sexual behavior
Self cutting

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16
Q

Manic depressive disorder (bipolar)

A

Present with alternating periods of (perhaps self destructive) mania and depression

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17
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Isolation, social anxiety, disorganized thought typical of schizophrenia

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18
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Tend to isolate and present with depressed affect and adhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)

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19
Q

Construct validity

A

The experimental design tests the situation it purports to

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20
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Seek to replace negative attributions with more positive ones

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21
Q

Token economy

A

Tool of behavioral therapist

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22
Q

Catharsis

A

Share experiences and express feelings in a safe environment

Psychodynamic technique

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23
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Degree to which males and females resemble each other

Low: males and females exhibit similar characteristics

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24
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Requires presence of a certain subset of symptoms over a period of at least 2 weeks

Depressed mood and suicidal thoughts

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25
Q

Dysthymia

A

Depressed mood over a period shorter than 2 years

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26
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Experience severely depressed mood during same period every year

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27
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Cycles between hypomaniac and cyclothymic episodes without medication

28
Q

Gate theory of pain

A

Explain why pain is /is not perceived by an individual

29
Q

Meissner corpuscle

A

Role primarily in perception of light touch

30
Q

Culture

A

Can be taught and passed thru generations

31
Q

Cultural symbols

A

More likely to have been assigned meaning rather than possessing inherent meaning

32
Q

Lamarckian inheritance

A

More accurately characterizes cultural evolution than biological evolution

“Use and disuse” inheritance
Applies to cultural evolution

Biological traits could be modified during an individual’s lifetime

Theory proved incorrect. Replaced by Darwinian model

33
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Repeated measurements from the same individuals over a period of time

34
Q

Taboo

A

Unacceptable, disgusting, or reprehensible behavior

35
Q

Sanction

A

To maintain social control

36
Q

Social more

A

Violation of a behavior expected in a very specific circumstance

37
Q

Conflict theory

A

Anger or dissatisfaction based on inequality

38
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

A theory about how people act on the basis of meaning and interpretation

39
Q

Social constructionism

A

Based on choices as opposed to judgments

40
Q

Game theory

A

Relates how opposition between different groups affects behavior

About numbers and actions/results than about perceptions and beliefs

41
Q

“Initiative vs guilt”

A

Erikson

Between 3 and 6 yrs

42
Q

“Intimacy vs isolation”

A

Erikson

20-40 yrs

Realize ability/inability to have intimate relationships with others

43
Q

Substance abuse classification

A

Individual deviant behavior

44
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Require a stimulus within the frame of vision that goes unnoticed because the participant is focused on another task

45
Q

Attentional blink

A

A phenomenon in which a second stimulus cannot be perceived if it occurs within 500 ms of the first

46
Q

Korte’s law

A

Time and distance are directly related

47
Q

Apparent movement

A

An illusion of perceived motion across empty space

48
Q

Induced movement

A

Perceived motion of one object due to movement of another

Ex: moon appears to move behind clouds (clouds are actually moving)

49
Q

Movement aftereffect

A

Persistence of a perception of motion of still objects when viewed after watching moving objects

Ex: Wall can appear to bubble after watching a spinning spiral for several minutes

50
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Study effects of social constructs on individuals

How constructs affect roles individuals take in society

51
Q

Increase statistical significance

A

Increase number of data points in the study

52
Q

Personal deindividuation

A

People performing actions they normally wouldn’t because of group mentality

53
Q

Low self esteem is associated with

A

Internal locus of control for negative events

Disparity between actual and ideal self

Poor coping skills

54
Q

Humanist perspective

A

Focus on self actualization

Helping patients become more complete and fulfilled individuals

55
Q

Trait perspective

A

Focused on measuring aspects of personality that are grouped into patterns of thought and behavior

56
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to overvalue dispositional or personality based causes for behavior while undervaluing role of external circumstances

57
Q

Self effacing bias

A

Tendency to attribute success to external factors

58
Q

Defensive attribution

A

Set of beliefs that are held by an individual in order to alleviate concern over the chances of a calamity befalling her

59
Q

Learned helplessness

A

People become apathetic because they feel powerless to change their situation

60
Q

Episodic memory (working memory)

A

Reasoning and comprehension

Breakdown prevents brain from reaching correct conclusions

61
Q

Sensory memory

A

Memories of sensory info

No reading and comprehension

62
Q

Implicit memory

A

Unconscious memory of skills and and conditioned responses

63
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Characterized by loss of memory or inability to learn new things

64
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Paranoid delusions

65
Q

Dissociative disorder

A

Most common symptom is loss of memory

66
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Consciousness altering affect of alcohol which caused confabulation (production of a distorted memory without intention to deceive)

Behavioral Science (6 decks)

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