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Practice test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

Based upon expectations of others

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2
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Centered on use of free will, and how to best apply it

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3
Q

Biological perspective

A

Based on biological inheritance

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4
Q

Behaviorist perspective

A

Related to external stimuli experienced by the person

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5
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

Individuals change their behavior because they are aware that they’re being studied

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6
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Circumstances in which participants guess the hypothesis of the study and change their behavior to match the hypothesis (or rarely deny)

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7
Q

Observational error

A

Difference between the measured value and it’s true value

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8
Q

Systematic error

A

Error in measurement, consistent in that each measurement is incorrect by approximately same amount

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9
Q

Belief perseverance

A

When presented with information of varying opinion, people are more likely to believe information that confirms their opinion and discount evidence that refutes it

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10
Q

Weber’s law

A

Justified Noticeable Difference

Change/original –> Percentage

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11
Q

Dizziness and difficulty hearing suggests?

A

Inner ear problem

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12
Q

Cochlea

A

Involved in pitch and intensity of sounds

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13
Q

Semi-circular canals

A

Problem –> dizziness (more) hearing loss, poor balance

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14
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Use of increasingly proximal stimuli to gradually reduce fear response in an individual –> diminish function of amygdala

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15
Q

Borderline disorder

A

Attention seeking behavior
Irritable when ignored
Risky sexual behavior
Self cutting

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16
Q

Manic depressive disorder (bipolar)

A

Present with alternating periods of (perhaps self destructive) mania and depression

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17
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

Isolation, social anxiety, disorganized thought typical of schizophrenia

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18
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Tend to isolate and present with depressed affect and adhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)

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19
Q

Construct validity

A

The experimental design tests the situation it purports to

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20
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Seek to replace negative attributions with more positive ones

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21
Q

Token economy

A

Tool of behavioral therapist

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22
Q

Catharsis

A

Share experiences and express feelings in a safe environment

Psychodynamic technique

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23
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Degree to which males and females resemble each other

Low: males and females exhibit similar characteristics

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24
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Requires presence of a certain subset of symptoms over a period of at least 2 weeks

Depressed mood and suicidal thoughts

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25
Dysthymia
Depressed mood over a period shorter than 2 years
26
Seasonal affective disorder
Experience severely depressed mood during same period every year
27
Cyclothymic disorder
Cycles between hypomaniac and cyclothymic episodes without medication
28
Gate theory of pain
Explain why pain is /is not perceived by an individual
29
Meissner corpuscle
Role primarily in perception of light touch
30
Culture
Can be taught and passed thru generations
31
Cultural symbols
More likely to have been assigned meaning rather than possessing inherent meaning
32
Lamarckian inheritance
More accurately characterizes cultural evolution than biological evolution "Use and disuse" inheritance Applies to cultural evolution Biological traits could be modified during an individual's lifetime Theory proved incorrect. Replaced by Darwinian model
33
Longitudinal study
Repeated measurements from the same individuals over a period of time
34
Taboo
Unacceptable, disgusting, or reprehensible behavior
35
Sanction
To maintain social control
36
Social more
Violation of a behavior expected in a very specific circumstance
37
Conflict theory
Anger or dissatisfaction based on inequality
38
Symbolic interactionism
A theory about how people act on the basis of meaning and interpretation
39
Social constructionism
Based on choices as opposed to judgments
40
Game theory
Relates how opposition between different groups affects behavior About numbers and actions/results than about perceptions and beliefs
41
"Initiative vs guilt"
Erikson Between 3 and 6 yrs
42
"Intimacy vs isolation"
Erikson 20-40 yrs Realize ability/inability to have intimate relationships with others
43
Substance abuse classification
Individual deviant behavior
44
Inattentional blindness
Require a stimulus within the frame of vision that goes unnoticed because the participant is focused on another task
45
Attentional blink
A phenomenon in which a second stimulus cannot be perceived if it occurs within 500 ms of the first
46
Korte's law
Time and distance are directly related
47
Apparent movement
An illusion of perceived motion across empty space
48
Induced movement
Perceived motion of one object due to movement of another | Ex: moon appears to move behind clouds (clouds are actually moving)
49
Movement aftereffect
Persistence of a perception of motion of still objects when viewed after watching moving objects Ex: Wall can appear to bubble after watching a spinning spiral for several minutes
50
Symbolic interactionism
Study effects of social constructs on individuals How constructs affect roles individuals take in society
51
Increase statistical significance
Increase number of data points in the study
52
Personal deindividuation
People performing actions they normally wouldn't because of group mentality
53
Low self esteem is associated with
Internal locus of control for negative events Disparity between actual and ideal self Poor coping skills
54
Humanist perspective
Focus on self actualization Helping patients become more complete and fulfilled individuals
55
Trait perspective
Focused on measuring aspects of personality that are grouped into patterns of thought and behavior
56
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to overvalue dispositional or personality based causes for behavior while undervaluing role of external circumstances
57
Self effacing bias
Tendency to attribute success to external factors
58
Defensive attribution
Set of beliefs that are held by an individual in order to alleviate concern over the chances of a calamity befalling her
59
Learned helplessness
People become apathetic because they feel powerless to change their situation
60
Episodic memory (working memory)
Reasoning and comprehension Breakdown prevents brain from reaching correct conclusions
61
Sensory memory
Memories of sensory info No reading and comprehension
62
Implicit memory
Unconscious memory of skills and and conditioned responses
63
Alzheimer's
Characterized by loss of memory or inability to learn new things
64
Schizophrenia
Paranoid delusions
65
Dissociative disorder
Most common symptom is loss of memory
66
Korsakoff's syndrome
Consciousness altering affect of alcohol which caused confabulation (production of a distorted memory without intention to deceive)

Behavioral Science (6 decks)

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