Pysch Quiz 5 Flashcards
Types of Neurons
Sensory neurons, Interneurons, motor neurons
Sensory neurons
Sense info and Carry signals back to brain
Interneurons
Make decisions based on where it goes next
Motor neurons
Connect the brain back to body and connect to muscle and glands to control what we do next
Peripheral nervous system
Somatic NS and Autonomic NS
Central nervous system
Brain and Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous system
Consists of nerves that connect muscles, organs and glands to the central nervous system (Somatic NS and Autonomic NS)
Somatic NS
carries signals between the CNS and muscles in the body that control movement
Autonomic NS
carries signals between the CNS and organs/ glands that regulate involuntary actions and the body’s internal state (composed of Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS)
Sympathetic NS
readies the body for action, increases heart rate, dilates pupils, inhibits digestion,
(“Fight or Flight”)
Parasympathetic NS
active during rest, Slows heart and breathing rates, stimulates digestion (“Rest and digest”)
Spinal cord
Carries sensory information to the brain, and motor control commands back to the body and Manages simple reflexes and movements
Brainstem
consists of medulla, pons and midbrain
Medulla
helps regulate heart rate and breathing
Pons
involved in maintaining balance, and walking
Midbrain
involved in modulation of motor activity
Thalamus
directs signals passing between the body and brain, called the “relay station of the brain
Cerebellum
important for balance, coordination, and pre planned actions, learning motor skills
Basal ganglia
used for executing planned actions and Implicated in Parkinson’s disease
The limbic system: Hypothalamus
regulates the internal environment of the body by controlling the autonomic NS, and Controls hormone levels, and drive states (hunger, thirst)/ Amygdala, Hippocampus
Amygdala
involved in emotion regulation, and fear
Hippocampus
important for memory: forming new memories, and spatial memory
Spatial memory
how to get places and find your way around
the cortex (divided into 2)
Contralaterally organized, and Corpus callosum
Contralaterally organized
information from the right side of the body is processed on the left and vice-versa
Corpus callosum
band of tissue that connects the two hemispheres and allows them to communicate
Primary sensory areas
primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex, somatosensory cortex; processing of specific sensory input
Motor cortex
Sends signals to motor neurons, controls motion, notes by hand
Association cortex
Integrate sensory information to perform complex functions
Topographic Organization
adjacent portions of cortex control adjacent body parts
Penfield homunculus (four lobes)
Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Involved in motion and higher order cognition, such as reasoning, planning, and language production and mood and personality, Prefrontal cortex, Motor cortex, Broca’s area, Parietal lobe
Parietal lobe
Important for touch sensation, perception, object recognition, and number representation; Somatosensory cortex
Temporal lobe
Important for auditory sensation, understanding language, and storing autobiographical memory; Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area=language
Occipital lobe
Important for vision (yep, just vision); primary visual cortex
Aphasias
Loss of ability caused by brain damage
Broca’s aphasia
inability to produce speech
Wernicke’s aphasia
inability to comprehend speech
Lateralization
some functions processed by only one hemisphere
Severe epilepsy
severing corpus callosum, led to: No communication between hemispheres! and Information present in only one side of the brain!
