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Introductory Biochemistry > Pyruvate Oxidation > Flashcards

Pyruvate Oxidation Flashcards

1
Q

Is pyruvate oxidation aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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2
Q

What type of cells don’t use aerobic metabolism at all?

A

Red blood cells, they only carry oxygen

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3
Q

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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4
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)

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5
Q

How many carbons does acetyl-CoA have?

A

2

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6
Q

What type of reaction does the PDC catalyze?

A

Oxidative decarboxylation

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7
Q

What is the oxidizing agent used for pyruvate oxidation?

A

NAD+

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8
Q

What are the 4 cofactors besides NAD+ involved in the PDC?

A

TPP, lipoic acid, FAD, and Mg2+

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9
Q

What is the first step of pyruvate oxidation?

A

The carboxyl group in pyruvate gets cleaved off and released as CO2. What’s left gets attached to TPP

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10
Q

What is the second step of pyruvate oxidation?

A

The hydroxyethyl group is transferred to the lipoic acid swinging arm as an acetyl group

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11
Q

What is the third step of pyruvate oxidation?

A

The acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA

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12
Q

What is the fourth step of pyruvate oxidation?

A

Regeneration of the swinging arm

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13
Q

Why is PDC such an efficient enzyme?

A
  1. Lots of copies of each enzyme, so lots of active sites

2. The swinging arm delivers each intermediate to the next active site

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14
Q

What is the process of bringing an intermediate to the next active site called?

A

Substrate channelling

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15
Q

Why is PDC tightly regulated?

A

It controls the rate of aerobic metabolism and the entry of glucose into the citric acid cycle

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16
Q

What happens to acetyl-CoA when there’s too much?

A

It gets sent through fatty acid synthesis

17
Q

How is PDC regulated?

A

The ratio of NAD+ to NADH, amount of ATP, amount of acetyl-CoA

18
Q

What happens to the rate of PDC when there is lots of NAD+?

A

It speeds up

19
Q

What happens to the rate of PDC when there is lots of NADH?

A

It slows down

20
Q

What happens to the rate of PDC when there is lots of ATP?

A

It slows down

21
Q

What happens to the rate of PDC when there is lots of ADP?

A

It speeds up

22
Q

What happens to the rate of PDC when there is lots of acetyl-CoA?

A

It slows down from product inhibition

Introductory Biochemistry (16 decks)

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