PY. Ch.13

Question 1

is an initial evaluation of whether an event is (1) irrelevant to you;
(2) relevant, but not threatening; or (3) stressful.

Answer 1

Primary appraisal

Question 2

when you view an event as stressful, you are likely to make a …….. which is an evaluation of your coping resources and options for dealing with the stress. (

Answer 2

secondary appraisal

Question 3

A type of stress experienced whenever the pursuit of some goal is thwarted/blocked, which can often lead to aggression

Answer 3

fustration

Question 4

A type of stress that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Answer 4

Conflict

Question 5

Any substantial alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment

Answer 5

Life changes

Question 5

Any substantial alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment

Answer 5

Life changes

Question 6

Expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way

Answer 6

Pressure

Question 7

A person is torn between two positive goals to choose from(ex. choosing between pizza or spaghetti)

Answer 7

Approach-Approach

Question 8

Person is torn between two negative goals to choose from(ex. Painful backache or Surgery)

Answer 8

Avoidance-avoidance

Question 9

Person has only
one goal to
consider, but it
has both positive
and negative
aspects.(ex Date an attractive person but also there is rejection)

Answer 9

Approach-avoidance

Question 10

holds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

Answer 10

Biopsychosocial model

Question 11

is any circumstance that threatens or is perceived to threaten one’s well-being and burden one’s coping abilities.

Answer 11

stress

Question 12

• Routine hassles can have significant harmful effects on health.
• Stress is cumulative and collectively can create great strain.
• Research shows that lots of little daily stresses can add up to a large collective strain and impact health negatively.

Answer 12

Stress as an everyday event

Question 13

Holmes and Rahe believed that adjusting to what that causes some degree of stress?

Answer 13

major life changes

Question 14

measures the magnitude of the stress, and those scores have been correlated with illness, showing that those with higher scores are more vulnerable to physical illness and psychological problems.

Answer 14

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

Question 15

A potentially stressful event, such as a major exam, elicits a subjective appraisal of how threatening the event is. If the event is viewed with alarm, the stress can trigger emotional, physiological, and behavioral reactions because people’s response to stress is multidimensional.

Answer 15

Overview of the stress process

Question 16

one major cause of heart
disease.

Answer 16

The blockage of
arteries that supply blood to the
heart

Question 17

Immune response – The body’s
defensive reaction to invasion by
bacteria, viral agents, or other
foreign substances. Some studies
have related stress to suppressed

Answer 17

immune activity in humans, thus
causing the body to become more
vulnerable to illness.

Question 18

Stress does suppress the

Answer 18

immune system

Question 19

???? IN ORDER TO INCREASE OR
REPLENISH THE NUMBER OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN THE
BODY.

Answer 19

WE NEED SUFFICIENT SLEEP

Question 20

1. Alarm phase
2. Resistance phase/ex. if your job is being threatened you cut vacation days and work longer days
   3.Exhaustion phase/ex. can cause illness or collapsing

Answer 20

Biological Stress Response

Question 21

Active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

Answer 21

Constructive coping

Question 22

Passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events(ex. giving up and blaming oneself)

Answer 22

Learned helplessness

Question 23

Any behavior that is intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally – Research shows that aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors that involve Frustration. (Ex. striking out at others)

Answer 23

Aggression

Question 24

The release of emotional tension-crying

Answer 24

Catharsis

Question 25

• Stress sometimes leads to reduced impulse control,(ex.Internet addiction.
• Excessive gaming
• Preoccupation with sexual content
• Obsessive socializing (Instagram, Snapchat, FaceBook, TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, etc.)

Answer 25

Self-Indulgence

Question 26

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions, such as anxiety and guilt. Self-deception distorts reality so it seems less threatening.

Answer 26

Defensive Coping/ Mechanisms

Question 27

– Various types of aid and
emotional sustenance provided by
members of one’s social networks can
make a huge impact on a person’s belief
that they can overcome obstacles and are
not alone in their struggles, which can be
comforting and encouraging.
* The favorable effects of social support are
strong enough to have an impact on
mortality, increasing people’s odds of
survival by roughly 50%.

Answer 27

Social Support

Question 28

one of the Big Five
personality traits, is associated with good
physical health and increased longevity.
People who score high on this trait tend to
take better care of themselves physically
and psychologically.

Answer 28

Conscientiousness

Question 29

Positive Emotions promote resilience by:

Answer 29

Altering people’s mindsets, broadening their scope of
attention and increasing their creativity and flexibility
in problem solving.
* Undoing lingering effects of negative emotions, thus
short-circuiting the potentially damaging physiological
responses to stress.
* Promoting rewarding social interactions that help to
build valuable social support and enhanced coping
strategies.
* A positive emotional style has many health benefits.

Question 30

means we try to decrease stress by solving
the problem through seeking information,
changing our own behavior, taking
whatever action is needed to resolve the
difficulty

Answer 30

Problem Focused

Question 31

Problem focused meaning the situation is?

Answer 31

Controllable

Question 32

feel they have some control
over their stress and tend to use Problem
focused coping.

Answer 32

Optimists

Question 33

means we do things primarily to deal with
our emotional distress like seeking support
and sympathy, avoiding or denying the
situation

Answer 33

Emotion focused

Question 34

Emotion focused meaning the situation is?

Answer 34

uncontrollable

Question 35

expect bad things to happen,
feel that they are not in control, and tend
to use Emotion focused coping.

Answer 35

Pessimists

Question 36

Behavior characteristics including
intense ambition, competition, exaggerated time urgency,
and a cynical, hostile outlook. what type of personality?

Answer 36

Type A

Question 37

Behavior characteristics consistent
with a calm, patient, relaxed attitude. These people have a
slower more laid-back approach to living. what type of personality?

Answer 37

Type B

Question 38

Resilient personality trait that shows a
strong commitment to personal goals, control over life, and
viewing change as a challenge rather than a threat.

Answer 38

Hardiness

Question 39

Hardiness is a what type of behavior?

Answer 39

Learned

Question 40

Another method of coping with Stress for some is Smoking cigarettes.
This is one of the most dangerous coping mechanisms due to the increase in risk for
Lung Cancer. Below are the many health benefits for those who replace this unhealthy
style of coping with more healthy ways of coping.

Answer 40

Unhealthy coping

Question 41

People who report more symptoms of illness of how much anxiety? (Example: Roommates Tom and Steve each wake up with a headache, upset stomach, and muscle stiffness. While Tom showers and gets ready for his 8:00am Psychology class, Steve rushes off to the University Health Clinic. Steve is exhibiting higher levels of Anxiety and higher levels of Neuroticism (worry) than Tom.)

Answer 41

High in Anxiety

Question 42

Pennebaker and his colleagues have shown that talking or writing about traumatic events can have beneficial effects. ………. about trauma might also be helpful because it allows the victims to reprocess their experience from a safe place, enabling them to experience a type of mastery and control over their traumatic memories.

Answer 42

Writing

Question 43

One’s risk of developing heart
disease is related to the
amount of stress in one’s life,
whether one has Type A
personality, is depressed, is
obese, or smokes cigarettes.
This partial list of risk factors
reflects the unifying theme in
Psychology that behavior is

Answer 43

determined by multiple
causes.