Py Ch. 15 Flashcards
, clients engage in complex, often lengthy verbal interactions with their therapist. The goal in these discussions is to pursue increased insight regarding the nature of the client’s difficulties, their understanding of themselves and their problems, and to sort through possible solutions.
Insight therapies
are based on the principles of learning. Instead of emphasizing personal insights, behavior therapists make direct efforts to alter problematic responses and maladaptive habits.
Behavior therapies
to therapy involve interventions into a person’s biological functioning. The most widely used procedures are drug therapy and electroconvulsive (shock) therapy. In recent decades, drug therapy
Biomedical therapies
are particularly high among those who are divorced or not married. The use of therapy is also greater among those who have more education. Females are more likely to pursue therapy than males are, but utilization rates are relatively low among ethnic minorities and those who lack health insurance. Many people who need therapy do not receive it.
Therapy utilization rates
Therapists work to change faulty or destructive thoughts, provide new ideas or info and guide individuals toward finding solutions to problems.
Disturbed thoughts
Therapists help clients understand and control their emotions and relieve their emotional discomfort.
Disturbed Emotions
Therapists help clients eliminate troublesome behaviors and guide them toward more effective lives
Disturbed Behaviors
Therapists help clients improve their relationships with others and avoid or minimize sources of stress in their lives.
Interpersonal and life situation difficulties
Therapists work to relieve biological disruptions that directly cause or contribute to psychological difficulties(for example chemical imbalances that lead to depression).
Biomedical Disturbances
means using more than one approach to treatment.
Eclectic
participates in
complex verbal interactions with clients
in order to enhance client’s
understanding of themselves and their
problems would be classified as an
Insight therapist.
Psychoanalysis
has strong defense
mechanisms that block unconscious thoughts from
coming to light so different techniques are used to
bring unconscious thoughts into awareness.
ego
finding hidden meanings to everyday words
Free Association
interpretations can show connections to hidden feelings – Freud believed dreams to be the most direct way to access the patient’s unconscious
Dream Analysis
where the patient avoids or blocks the analyst’s attempts to bring threatening unconscious material into conscious awareness
Resistance
where patients often apply some of their unresolved emotions and attitudes from past relationships onto the therapist
Transference
Therapy that seeks to maximize
personal growth through
affective restructuring
(emotional readjustment)
Humanistic
Therapies
Carl Rogers’s therapy emphasizing
the client’s natural tendency to
become healthy and productive.
Clients (not “patients”) are in
charge. The term ‘patient’
indicates illness, Roger’s believe
the client had the ability to be
responsible and competent.
Client-Centered Therapy
Therapeutic Qualities of Communication that
create a supportive experience in therapy:
① Accurate Empathy insightful awareness
and ability to share another’s inner experience
② Unconditional Positive Regard love and
acceptance with no contingencies
③ Genuineness/Authenticity
④ Active Listening involves reflecting,
paraphrasing, and clarifying
is more directive and indeed
confrontational form of therapy, as it forcefully
encourages clients to directly confront their underlying
feelings and integrate their feelings into their conscious
experience, often through the use of role-playing
exercises (ex. The empty chair), as discussed in your
text. This approach was developed by Fritz Perls.
Gestalt therapy
or behavioral
psychotherapy is a broad term
referring to clinical psychotherapy
that uses techniques derived from
behaviorism. Those who practice
behavior therapy tend to look at
specific, learned behaviors and how
the environment influences those
behaviors.
Behavior therapy
A form of
training designed to teach clients
ways of asserting their independence
and authority within organizations or
with other people.
Social Skills Training
Therapy that treats problem behaviors and mental processes by focusing on faulty thought processes and beliefs – Seeks to alter self-talk (unhealthy or negative self-talk). Recognizing and tracking thoughts, then test these thoughts against reality
Cognitive Therapy
which is a therapeutic technique that can help clients do their own personal investigation into determining if those thoughts are valid or unreal.
REALITY TESTING
- Combines cognitive therapy (changing faulty thinking) with behavior therapy (changing faulty behaviors)
- Attempts to change not only destructive thoughts and beliefs, but the associated behaviors as well
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Process in cognitive therapy to change destructive thoughts or inappropriate interpretations
Cognitive Restructuring
Cognitive therapies are highly effective treatments for
bulimia nervosa, anger management, addiction, and even some symptoms of schizophrenia and insomnia.
having unusual thoughts and beliefs
Deficits in Cognitive Processing
such as underreacting or overreacting to emotional situations
Deficits in Processing Emotional Stimuli
such as dealing with stressful situations
Environmental Challenges
works to help restructure negative beliefs, which will change negative emotions.
REBT
Poor performance evaluation
Individual is blocked from desired goal.
Activating event
“I always mess up”
Individual interprets the frustration in an irrational erroneous manner
Irrational Beliefs
“I’m depressed.”
Individual experiences negative feelings, which reinforce the original irrational beliefs.
Individual Consequences
“I can do well. I just need to work harder.”
Individual challenges irrational beliefs, which changes negative emotions.
Disputing irrational beliefs
It’s not just what happens to us that is important to our emotional health, but how we think about what happens to us. This
is the crux of
cognitive therapy
helps people identify the irrational
beliefs that lead to their emotional distress and replace them with more logical ways of thinking.
Albert Ellis’s rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
is often used to treat substance abusers
because that is most effective and cost effective for most. A major benefit is that members see improvement in their social
skills.
Group therapy
often focuses on improving communication
among family members. The entire family is the unit of
treatment, not any single family member.
Family therapy
helps promote better communication and
problem solving for the relationship between the partners.
Couples therapy
an produce clear therapeutic gains for many kinds of patients. Medications help patients by restoring abnormal neurotransmitter activity to healthy levels.
Drug therapies
Nonetheless, drug therapies are controversial.
*Drug therapies are not as effective as advertised because everyone’s chemistry is different.
*Many drugs are overprescribed, and many patients are overmedicated.
*The side effects may be worse than the illnesses they are supposed to cure.
*Drugs temporarily relieve symptoms without addressing the real problem.
What is the clinical use for Antianxiety Drugs?
Treatment of anxiety
and insomnia
What is the side effects of Antianxiety Drugs?
Drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, nausea
Relief from symptoms occurs almost immediately after
taking the drug for the first time.
What is the clinical use for Antimanic Drugs?
Manic episodes and stabilization of
mood swings associated with bipolar
disorder
What is the side effects of Antimanic Drugs?
Tremors, thirst, diarrhea, drowsiness, weakness, lack of
coordination
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal cramps,
sleeplessness
What is the clinical use of stimulant Drugs?
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) – This drug increases the
activity of dopamine in the cerebral
cortex which allows for greater focus
What is the side effects of stimulant Drugs?
Nervousness, insomnia, nausea, dizziness,
heart palpitations, headache; may temporarily retard
growth
What is the clinical use of antipsychotic Drugs?
Schizophrenia and other
psychotic disorders
Most antipsychotic drugs target the
neurotransmitter Dopamine
Schizophrenia and other
psychotic disorders that exhibit mental
confusion, hallucinations, and
delusions
What is the side effects of Antipsychotic Drugs?
Movement disorders, drowsiness, restlessness,
dry mouth, blurred vision, muscle rigidity
Difficulty sitting still, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness,
weight gain
Potentially lethal blood disorder, seizures,
fast heart rate, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea
Drowsiness, low blood pressure, dizziness, heart
palpitations, fatigue, constipation, weight gain
What is the clinical use of Antidepressant Drugs?
Depression, bulimia, panic disorder
Depression, bulimia, panic disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder,
posttraumatic stress disorder. SSRI’s
slow the reuptake process at
serotonin synapses
nicotine dependence
What is the side effects of Antidepressant Drugs?
Changes in blood pressure, heart
irregularities,
dry mouth, confusion, skin rash
Dizziness, headache, sleep disturbance,
agitation, anxiety, fatigue
Nausea, constipation, diarrhea,
vomiting, anxiety, insomnia, sweating,
dry mouth, sexual side effects, dizziness,
drowsiness-lowest rate of severe side
effects
Dry mouth, insomnia, headaches,
nausea, constipation, tremors
Nausea, constipation, dry mouth,
drowsiness, insomnia, dizziness, anxiety
Many antidepressants take between …. weeks to start working
1 to 3 weeks
is a widely
misunderstood treatment. It involves first
anesthetizing the patient and then administering a jolt
of electricity to the brain strong enough to induce
convulsions.
It is used to treat severe depression that
hasn’t responded to other interventions
Side effects is memory loss
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
has a dismal history, going back to the
use of the prefrontal lobotomy (a practice no longer
used). More sophisticated surgical techniques are
available today, but they are rarely used and only then
as a treatment of last resort.
Psychosurgery
resulted in moving
many patients from the back wards of mental
hospitals to various community treatment
facilities, such as halfway houses and
supervised residential care facilities. There
have been several drawbacks, however,
including increased homelessness among
mentally ill persons and a “revolving door”
phenomenon at treatment centers.
deinstitutionalization
