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Psychology Test 5 > Py 14 > Flashcards

Py 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Five Common Myths/Stereotypes about Mental Illness

A

People with psychological disorders act in bizarre ways and are very different from normal people.
(2)Mental disorders are a sign of personal weakness.
(3)Mentally ill people are often dangerous and unpredictable.
(4)A person who has been mentally ill never fully recovers.
(5)Most mentally ill individuals can work at only low-level jobs.

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2
Q

looks at the combined influence of genetics and stressful events on the development of psychological disorders.

A

Diathesis-Stress model

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3
Q

Unconscious conflicts and motives underlying abnormal behavior

A

Psychanalytic model

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4
Q

Learning experiences that shape the development of abnormal behavior

A

Behavioral model

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5
Q

Roadblocks to self-awareness and self-acceptance – encountering obstacles on the road to personal growth

A

Humanistic model

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6
Q

Faulty thinking (irrational or distorted thinking) underlying abnormal behavior

A

Cognitive model

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7
Q

says that a behavior may be considered abnormal if it occurs rarely or infrequently in relation to the behaviors of the general population

A

Statistical frequency approach

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8
Q

behavior is considered abnormal if it deviates or interferes greatly from accepted social standards, values, or norms-perhaps behavior is unusual

A

Social Deviance

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9
Q

a behavior is psychologically damaging or abnormal if it interferes with the individual’s ability to function in one’s personal life or in society

A

Maladaptive behavior approach

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10
Q

50% of all lifetime mental disorders begin by age

A

14

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11
Q

75% begin develop mental disorders by age

A

24

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12
Q

what % of mental disorders begin because of alcohol and drug use

A

24%

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13
Q

About 60% of people with a lifetime mental disorder …. any professional treatment.

A

do not ask for nor receive

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14
Q

outdated term for disorders characterized by unrealistic anxiety and other associated problems; less severe disruptions than psychosis

A

Neurosis

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15
Q

serious mental disorders characterized by extreme mental disruption and defective or lost contact with reality

A

Psychosis

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16
Q

legal term applied when people cannot be held responsible for their actions, or are judged incompetent to manage their own affairs, because of mental illness

A

Insanity

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17
Q

the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient

A

Comorbidity

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18
Q

contribute to the development of mental disorders. These are unlearned or inherited tendencies that influence how a person thinks, behaves, and feels

A

Genetic factors

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19
Q

such as having an overactive brain structure that contributes to the development of a mental disorder by causing a person to see the world in a biased or distorted way and to see threats when none really exist.

A

Neurological factors,

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20
Q

can contribute to abnormal behavior.

A

Imbalances in Neurotransmitters

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21
Q

is the most common of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders, affecting an estimated 1 in 250 births. As many as 1.5 million Americans today are believed to have some form of

A

Autism

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22
Q

The most consistent finding regarding the etiology of autism is that children with autism have more

A

neurons in the prefrontal cortex than non-autistic children.

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23
Q

are marked by disruptions in memory, consciousness, or identity. Results from avoidance of painful memories or situations.
•Need to escape from anxiety

A

Dissociative disorders

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24
Q

Multiple personalities emerge within the same individual

A

Dissociative identity disorder

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25
Q

Memory loss that cannot be explained as the result of head trauma or other physical cause

A

Dissociative amnesia

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26
Q

Downcast mood, feelings
of hopelessness and worthlessness, changes in sleep patterns or appetite, loss of motivation, loss of pleasure in pleasant activities

A

Major depression

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27
Q

Periods of shifting moods between mania and depression, perhaps with intervening periods of normal mood

A

Bipolar disorder

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28
Q

More women are diagnosed with depression around the world than are men. Why might this be?

A

Making inaccurate attributions, or explanations of the causes of events that happen, can lead to depression. People who tend to explain disappointments and failures by making attributions that are internal, global, and stable

29
Q

and are predisposing themselves to depression when they face such negative events.
Example: A global statement could be “this is going to effect my whole life” and a stable statement could be “It’s never going to change”.

A

Depressive Attributional style

30
Q

which is a loss of pleasure in pleasant activities that interferes with the ability to function or maintain interest in life.

A

anhedonia

31
Q

unreasonable elation or euphoria, often with hyperactivity or energy, pressured speech, flight of ideas, poor

A

mania

32
Q

Structural brain changes
•Neurotransmitter imbalances- namely with Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine
•Genetics

A

Biological Factors

33
Q

Learned helplessness

Attribution style
Cognitive distortions

A

Psychosocial Factors

34
Q

feeling helpless to control the outcomes in life when repeated efforts prove futile, can lead to giving up and becoming depressed

A

Learned helplessness

35
Q

making internal attributions about your failures-self blaming Pessimism

A

Attribution style

36
Q

is seen by some as a way to escape the pain of major depression. Those who attempt to commit or actually do commit suicide are not insane but feel helpless in their attempts to feel better.

A

Suicide

37
Q

Cognitive, Emotional & Environmental factors that contribute to the development of mental disorders include:

A

•Deficits in Cognitive Processing, such as having unusual thoughts and beliefs
•Deficits in Processing Emotional Stimuli, such as underreacting or overreacting to emotional situations
•Environmental Challenges, such as dealing with stressful situations

38
Q

Viewing events in black or white terms, as either all good or all bad

A

All-or-nothing thinking

39
Q

Tendency to blame or criticize yourself for disappointments or setbacks while ignoring
external circumstances

A

Misplaced blame

40
Q

Tendency to think that one disappointment will inevitably lead to another

A

Misfortune telling

41
Q

Focusing your attention only on the negative aspects
of your experiences

A

Negative focusing

42
Q

Snatching defeat from the jaws of victory by trivializing or denying your accomplishments; minimizing your strengths or assets

A

Dismissing the positives

43
Q

Drawing a conclusion that is not supported by the facts at hand

A

Jumping to conclusions

44
Q

Exaggerating the importance of negative events or personal flaws (making mountains out of molehills)

A

Catastrophizing

45
Q

Reasoning based on your emotions rather than on a clear-headed evaluation of the available evidence

A

Emotion-based reasoning

46
Q

Placing unrealistic demands on yourself that you should or must accomplish certain tasks or reach certain goals

A

Shouldisms

47
Q

Attaching negative labels to yourself or others as a way of explaining your own or others’ behavior

A

Name-calling

48
Q

Assuming that you are the cause of other people’s problems

A

Mistaken responsibility

49
Q

Fear and avoidance of public places

This generally develops secondarily to panic disorder, as the person attempts to avoid situations in which attacks have occurred or in which help might be unavailable in the event of an attack.

A

Agoraphobia

50
Q

Repeated panic attacks accompanied by persistent concern about future attacks

Panic attacks have strong physiological symptoms; beginning attacks occur without warning; this disorder may be accompanied by agoraphobia.

A

Panic disorder

51
Q

Persistent, excessive levels of anxiety and worry

Anxiety has a free-floating quality in that it is not tied to particular objects or situations.

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

52
Q

Fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Avoidance of the phobic object or situation is negatively reinforced by relief from anxiety.

A

Specific phobia

53
Q

Fear and avoidance of social situations or performance situations

This involves underlying fear of rejection, humiliation, or embarrassment in social situations.

A

Social anxiety disorder

54
Q

Recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions

A repetitive cycle may ensue in which obsessive thoughts engender anxiety that, in turn, is partially relieved (negatively reinforced) by

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

55
Q

The most common diagnosed mental disorder among adults in the United States today is

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

56
Q

Anxiety is experienced by most everyone at different times and is not a mental disorder unless its

A

chronic intensity disrupts your life.

57
Q

Research shows the ….. can become overactive and make individuals with Anxiety disorders overly responsive to threatening cues.

A

Amygdala

58
Q

Psychological symptoms of GAD

A

being irritable, having difficulty concentrating, and being unable to control one’s worry, which is out of proportion to the actual event

59
Q

Possible contributors to Anxiety Disorders

A

Our fast-paced lives, increased mobility, and decreased job security and family support are believed to be important factors in the increase in Anxiety Disorders over the past few years.

60
Q

Delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, incoherent
or loosely connected speech, inappropriate emotions or
lack of emotional expression, social withdrawal, and apathy

An interaction of a genetic predisposition and life stress; underlying brain abnormalities

A

Schizophrenia

61
Q

overactivity of dopamine neurons may contribute to some forms of schizophrenia
•Brain abnormalities – Larger cerebral ventricles
•Genetics- Many young people who have a genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia should avoid using hallucinogens, namely Marijuana, because use can awaken this disorder.

A

Dopamine hypothesis

62
Q

•Critical and hostile families with communication problems
•An abusive family environment
•Life Stresses

A

Psychosocial effects of Schizophrenia

63
Q

A pattern of antisocial and irresponsible behavior; callous treatment of others; lack of remorse for wrongdoing

Lacks empathy for others and may take advantage of people or fail to meet their commitments

A

Antisocial personality disorder

64
Q

Unstable moods and stormy relationships with others; unstable
self-image; lack of impulse control

May engage in self-destructive behaviors, such as cutting themselves

A

Borderline personality disorder

65
Q

include extremely rigid patterns of behavior and having inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning.

A

Personality Disorders

66
Q

Personality Disorders Treatment involves long term

A

Psychotherapy

67
Q

Severe instability of mood, emotion and self-concept, along with impulsive and self-destructive behavior
•Sees the world in black & white/at times this thinking style can contribute to suicidal thoughts
•Relationship and self-image problems
•People with borderline personality disorder tend to be impulsive, to have stormy relationships, and to have an unstable self-image. The

A

Borderline Personality Disorder

68
Q

(sometimes called psychopaths or sociopaths) tend to show a lack of regard for the rights of others. They also tend to disregard rules and behave in ways that satisfy their own needs to the detriment of those around them. Displays egocentrism

A

Antisocial Personality disorder

Psychology Test 5 (3 decks)

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