PY. Ch.12 Flashcards
A Stereotype
Thinking all Irish people are drunks and eat potatoes is an example of
Illusory Correlation
Are based on things we can see
Attributions
Do you believe in Luck? Only In bad luck. How else can I explain the losses I have in the stock Market?
External Attribution
MY friend stood me for lunch because she is rude
Internal Attribution based on personal traits
My friend calls to apologize that she wont make lunch because of a flat tire
External Attribution/ environmental setback
People causes of being poverish because they are lazy and have a lack of thrift is what dimension?
Internal-stable(ability & Intelligence)
People causes of being poverish because they have a financially draining illness is what dimension?
internal unstable(effort, mood, fatigue)
People causes of being poverish because they are discriminated against and have inadequate government programs for training.
external-stable(task difficulty)
People causes of being poverish because they have bad luck and are in a economic recession.
External unstable(luck, chance, opportunity)
“I don’t even like to drink beer, but it’s the best way to meet women.” Is what kind of attribution
situational attribution
“He seems to always have a beer in his hand, he must have a drinking problem.”
Dispositional Attribution
dispositional for success and situational for failure and what we do ourselves
Self serving bias
Explain behavior our own external factors and others behaviors on internal characteristics and misjudge others
Fundamental Attribution Error
People that have equal attractiveness tend to select each other as partners
Matching Hypothesis
Repeated exposure increases liking, unless it’s a negative stimulus
Proximity
The major cementing factor people who are close become more alike
similarity
Giving is on the same level as recieving
Reciprocity
Easy to get close to people and can depend on them and vice-versa. I don’t worry about abandonment or someone getting close.
Secure Adult Attachment
I am sorta uncomfortable being close to others. Difficult to trust others and depend on them. I am nervous when anyone gets close and partners want me more intimate than I’m willing too.
Avoidant Attachment
I find others don’t get as close as much as I like. I often worry that my partner doesn’t love me. I want to merge with other people but that scares people away.
Anxious/ambivalent
A theory based on intimacy, passion, and commitment
Sternberg’s theory of love
Sharing all the challenges and all the victories is an example of
Intimacy
feeling physically aroused and attracted to
someone. Women tend to underestimate men’s
sexual interest while men tend to overestimate
women’s sexual interest. Ex. Movie: “When Harry met Sally” comments
Passion
Sticking together despite hardships or mistakes and
believing it is worth more to stay committed
Commitment
A preconceived attitude toward a specific group of people
prejudice
Difference of treatment based on their group membership
Discrimination
Them as being so different than us
in-groups and out groups
Ex. I don’t like
algebra/I like kind people.
Explicit attitudes
Many people
express explicit attitudes that condemn prejudice but
unknowingly harbor implicit attitudes that reflect
subtle forms of prejudice.
Implicit attitudes
“I believe women should be wives, not workers”
Cognitive component
“I get angry when I see a woman doing a man’s job.”
Affective Component
“I wouldn’t hire a woman manager.”
Behavioral component
Ex. An unfavorable attitude
towards hiring women for a man’s job doesn’t
always result in less women being hired in male
dominated positions. A person’s attitudes are
mediocre at predicting their behavior.
People’s attitudes are not good predictors of
their behavior.
People conform to
group pressure out of a need for approval and
acceptance. They do not like to go against unanimity
(when the group has unanimous agreement).
Normative Social Influence
as group size increases, so does
conformity
Group size
people we conform to because
we like and admire them and want to be like them.
Reference Groups
What can decrease Conformity?
- When the task is unambiguous, which means the task
is not open to more than one interpretation. Ambiguity
can create doubt and uncertainty and more
conformity./ When the group is smaller than 4 people.? When people respond in private
The presence of others tends to increase
arousal and feelings of anonymity./ hen you’re among a happy and
celebratory crowd, but can also be
negative and lead to angry mobs,
Deindividuation
Faulty decision making that occurs when a highly
cohesive group strives for agreement and avoids
inconsistent information. The Challenger incident
groupthink
We play better when we are infront of people than on our own except on new or novel tasks
Social Facilitation
Does it seem to you that one or more people in
a group seem to put forth less that their full effort? The
tendency for people to reduce their efforts when working
as part of a group is called
social loafing
An example would be believing that someone else has already called for help in an emergency situation.
Bystander effect
personal responsibility for acting to help someone by spreading that responsibility among all other group members. This happens in step 3 above and causes people to not help those in need.
Diffusion of Responsibility
Help other people with no benefit to you
Altruism
favors survival of one’s genes
evolutionary
motivated by anticipated gain
Egoistic
due to empathy for someone in need.
empathy-altruism hypothesis
The rule that we should pay back in
kind what we receive from others is
know as the
reciprocity norm
