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Psychology Test 4 > PY. Ch.10 > Flashcards

PY. Ch.10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Development is
measured in three
main domains of
interest:

A

Biological or
Physical
Development,
Cognitive
Development, and
Socioemotional
Development.

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2
Q

The fertilization of the female egg by the male sperm

A

Conception

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3
Q

First stage of prenatal development, which begins with ovulation, conception, and implantation in the uterus (the first two weeks)

A

Germinal Period

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4
Q

What is the baby called in the Germinal Period?

A

Zygote

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5
Q

After implantation through the eighth week

A

Embryonic Period

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6
Q

What is the baby called in the Embryonic Period?

A

Embryo

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7
Q

*From eight weeks to birth
*Increased growth and “fine detailing”

A

Fetal Period

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8
Q

What is the baby called in the Fetal stage?

A

Fetus

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9
Q

How many and what months are critical during pregnancy?

A

The First Three Months

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10
Q

such as
alcohol and nicotine, are environmental agents that can cross the placental barrier and cause damage during prenatal development.

A

Teratogens

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11
Q

is a combination of birth defects from
maternal alcohol abuse.

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

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12
Q

use during pregnancy is most associated with premature birth, low birth weight infants, and fetal death. Smoking increases the risk in the offspring for reduced attention span and learning and behavioral problems.

A

Nicotine

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13
Q

Average American newborn is ?inches long and weighs ?pounds.

A

20 inches & 7½ lbs

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14
Q

Infants usually double their birth weight by the age of four months and nearly about what in a year?

A

triple their birth weight by the age of one year.

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15
Q

At birth, the brain weighs about 25% of its adult weight
* By 2 years, the brain is

A

75% of its adult weight

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16
Q

Period of psychological development between childhood and adulthood

A

Adolescence

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17
Q

Biological changes during adolescence that lead to an adult sized body and sexual maturity

A

Puberty

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18
Q
  • Lasts for 2 to 3 years with Rapid increases in height, weight, and skeletal growth
  • Changes in reproductive structures and sex characteristics
  • Boys tend to benefit from early maturation while girls tend to benefit from late maturation
A

Growth spurt during Adolescence:

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19
Q

Cessation of menstruation
Decreased estrogen production
Does NOT cause mood swings, loss of
sexual interest, or depression but for
some there are some losses
Many report relief

A

Menopause (45-55)

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20
Q

Gradual decline in testosterone and
sperm production
Can reproduce into their 80s or 90s
May have weight gain, graying or loss
of hair, decreased sexual response
and muscle strength

A

Male climacteric

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21
Q

Peak physical performance typically occurs between

A

19 and 26

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22
Q

believed humans progress through four distinct stages of cognitive development
* Learning in 1 period enables progress to next
* Each marked by different abilities, ways of thinking
* Concept of cognitive disequilibrium

A

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

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23
Q

you hide an object under a blanket and a child tries to find it. is an example of what operation?

A

Stage 1 Sensorimotor with development of object permanence

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24
Q

A child drawing people or objects from their own life but understanding they are only representations or playing pretend. is an example of what operation?

A

Stage 2 Preoperational symbolic thought with irreversibility, Egocentrism, Centration

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25
Q

Children understand logical reasoning is an example of what operation?

A

Concrete Operational
* Decentration, Reversibility, Conservation

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26
Q

If Kelly is taller than Ali and Ali is taller than Jo, who is the tallest? is an example of what operation?

A

Formal Operational
* Abstraction, Hypothetical thinking

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27
Q

That is, the infant will become
very upset when the adult they rely on leaves them
for extended times.

A

separation anxiety.

28
Q

Infants will try hard to
maintain the presence of their primary caregiver—
they will crawl up to her, climb on her, follow her
around. They use her as a

A

secure base

29
Q

Infants play and
explore comfortably with their mother
present, become visibly upset when she
leaves, and are quickly calmed by her return.

A

Secure attachment

30
Q

(resistant attachment) – Infants appear
anxious even when their mothers are near
and protest excessively when she leave, but
are not particularly comforted when she
returns.

A

Anxious-ambivalent attachment

31
Q

Infants seek little
contact with their mothers and often are not
distressed when she leaves.

A

Avoidant attachment

32
Q

Parent is sensitive and responsive to child

A

secure

33
Q

Parent is is inconsistent and often responsive (depressed)

A

Resistant

34
Q

Parent is rejecting unresponsive or intrusive-overly simulating

A

Avoidant

35
Q

A parent that has a disorganized or disoriented child

A

frightened and frightening

36
Q

*Children’s cognitive development is fueled by
social interactions with parents, teachers, and
older children who can provide invaluable
guidance.
*Language acquisition plays a crucial role in
fostering cognitive development.

A

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural
Theory

37
Q

Upper Limit assistance and lower level child can do tasks by themselves

A

Zone of Proximal Development

38
Q

A child uses what for their goals and strategies and as they grow older it develops it becomes a normal verbal dialogue

A

Private speech

39
Q

obedience to authority and avoidance of that punishment building a moral compass

A

Punishment-obedience orientation

40
Q

exchange of perspectives

A

Instrumental-exchange orientation

41
Q

approved by others and intent of others

A

Good-Child Orientation

42
Q

understanding laws and rules of society

A

Law-and-order

43
Q

like voting appreciate the laws and are obeyed because of social contract and that

A

social contact orientation

44
Q

what is our own right what is our own truth what is right in their own mind

A

universal-ethics orientation

45
Q

birth to adolescence punishment and obedience / instrumental exchange

A

Preconventional level

46
Q

adolescence and young adulthood

A

Conventional level

47
Q

adulthood

A

Postconventional Level

48
Q

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Eight Developmental periods during which an individual’s primary goal is to

A

primary goal is to satisfy desires associated with social needs

49
Q

The most attractive aspect of Erikson’s theory is that

A

he sees development as continuing throughout life, with many opportunities for reworking and rebuilding personality traits.

50
Q

Trust v Mistrust(can I trust others?)

A

(Birth-age 1)hope

51
Q

(independence)Autonomy v shame and Doubt(Can I act on my own)

A

(ages 1-3)will

52
Q

Initiative v. guilt (Can I carry out my plans successfully?)

A

(ages 3-6)purpose

53
Q

Industry v. Inferiority(Am I competent compared to others?)

A

(Ages 6-12)competence

54
Q

Identity v. role confusion (Who am I and where am I going?)

A

(ages 12-20)fidelity

55
Q

Intimacy v isolation (Am I ready for a committed relationship?)

A

early adulthood(20-40)love

56
Q

Generativity v. Self-Absorption(Have I given something to future generations?)

A

middle adulthood(40-65)care

57
Q

Ego integrity v. despair(Has my life been meaningful?)

A

late adulthood(65+)Wisdom

58
Q

“I haven’t really thought much about religion, and I guess I don’t know what I believe exactly.”

A

Diffusion Status( no commitment mad no crisis experienced)

59
Q

“My parents are Baptist and I’m a Baptist; it’s just the way I grew up.”

A

Foreclosure Status (no crisis but commitment)

60
Q

“I’m in the middle of evaluating my beliefs and hope that I’ll be able to figure out what’s right for me. I have been taught and I am looking into other faiths for answers.”

A

Moratorium Status (crisis but not commitment)

61
Q

“I really did some soul-searching about my religion and other religions, too, and finally know what I don’t”

A

Identity Achievement Status(Crisis and commitment made)

62
Q

Person denies or refuses to believe
that death is really going to take place – may insist that lab results
are wrong, and they need a 2nd or 3rd opinion

A

Denial and isolation

63
Q

Person recognizes that denial can no longer be
maintained, and they are angry at their fate

A

Anger

64
Q

Person develops the hope that death can be
postponed or delayed through promises to change life choices

A

Bargaining

65
Q

Dying person comes to realize the certainty of
death and a sense of loss over leaving loved ones

A

Depression

66
Q

Person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance
of one’s fate, and in many cases, a desire to be left alone

A

Acceptance

Psychology Test 4 (3 decks)

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