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Psychology Test 4 > PY. Ch.11 > Flashcards

PY. Ch.11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Research in behavioral genetics has shown that the family environment shared by children growing up together has

A

little impact on personality.

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2
Q

About what percentage of your personality traits come from inherited genes?

A

40%

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3
Q

Personality traits such as Leadership, traditionalism, and obedience to authority have been found to be mostly determined by heredity

A

(60-75%)

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4
Q

The need to achieve, including ambition, and an inclination to work hard towards goals is genetically influenced, but more than half of this trait seems to be determined by

A

life experience

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5
Q

I enjoy social gatherings/outings with friends, and she enjoys more time at home with just her husband, she doesn’t go out much and is quite content to just stay home and watch TV all weekend which depends on situations

A

personality

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6
Q

Prone to anxiety, worry, guilt, impulsivity, and emotional instability is high or low in what? Have a more negative outlook on life

A

high in Neuroticism

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7
Q

versus
relaxed, calm, secure, and emotionally stable high or low in what?

A

low in Neuroticism

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8
Q

Outgoing, friendly, enthusiastic, fun-loving/People high in extroversion have a positive outlook on life

A

high in extroversion

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9
Q

solitary, shy, serious,
reserved

A

low in extroversion

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10
Q

Imaginative, curious, intellectual, open to nontraditional values

A

high in openess

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11
Q

conforming, practical, conventional (likes doing things the same way always
done, very traditional)

A

low in openness

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12
Q

Sensitive, warm, tolerant, easy to get along with, concerned with other’s
feelings and needs

A

high in Agreeableness

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13
Q

cold, suspicious, hostile, or callous

A

low in agreeableness

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14
Q

Reliable, responsible, self-disciplined, ethical, hard working, ambitious

A

high in Conscientiousness

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15
Q

disorganized, unreliable, lax, impulsive, careless

A

low in conscientiousness

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16
Q

Freud believed our personalities
were shaped by our childhood
experiences. He also believed that if
a child’s needs are not met or are
overindulged at one particular
psychosexual stage, that the child
may become

A

fixated

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17
Q

under stress, individuals supposedly
may return (or …… to a stage at
which earlier needs were frustrated
or overly gratified.

A

regress

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18
Q

behaviors such as
smoking, alcohol use, nail
biting; dependency; passivity;
pessimism

A

oral

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19
Q

Genital
anxiety derived from severe
toilet training could evolve into
anxiety about sexual activities
later in life.

A

Anal

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20
Q

Homosexuality; resentment
of authority figures in men;
unresolved penis envy in women

A

Phallic

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21
Q

None (focus on play and
school activities)

A

Latency

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22
Q

Return of sexual interests
expressed in mature
sexual relationships

A

Genital

23
Q

thoughts and feelings

A

conscious

24
Q

memories and knowledge

A

preconscious

25
Q

unattractive motives, fears, immoral, selfish needs, unpleasant experiences, undesirable urges

A

unconscious

26
Q

pleasure principle seeks immediate gratification
without regard to social rules or customs)

A

Id

27
Q

reality principle (delays gratification of the
id’s impulses until it is appropriate) rules and the law you learned

A

Ego

28
Q

morality principle (guilt if rules are
violated)

A

Superego

29
Q

serve to prevent the
awareness of threatening thoughts. The ego’s protective method of
reducing anxiety by distorting
reality and creating self-deception

A

Defense Mechanisms

30
Q

the egos protective method of reducing anxiety

A

by distorting
reality and creating self-deception

31
Q

Defense Mechanisms Used excessively, defense
mechanisms can be dangerous
because they

A

they distort reality.

32
Q

A person remains unaware of harboring hateful
or destructive impulses toward others

A

Repression

33
Q

Under stress, a college student starts biting his nails or
becomes totally dependent on others

A

Regression

34
Q

A worker slams a door after his boss chews
him out

A

Displacement

35
Q

A person who nearly chokes someone to death acts
afterward like it was “no big deal”

A

Denial

36
Q

A sexually frustrated person goes on a personal crusade
to stamp out pornography

A

Reaction formation

37
Q

When asked why she continues to smoke, a woman
says, “Cancer doesn’t run in my family”

A

Rationalization

38
Q

A sexually inhibited person misinterprets
other people’s friendly approaches as
sexual advances

A

Projection

39
Q

A person channels aggressive impulses into competitive
sports

A

Sublimation

40
Q

he also proposed that the entire human race shares a collective unconscious, which exists in the deepest reaches of everyone’s awareness.

A

Carl Jung’s vision of the collective unconscious

41
Q

He saw the collective unconscious as a storehouse of hidden ancestral memories, called

A

Archetypes

42
Q

which are feelings of inferiority developed
from early childhood experiences of helplessness and
incompetence and how it is related to an individual’s drive for superiority.

A

inferiority complex

43
Q

Analytical Psychology) distinguished between the
personal unconscious and the collective unconscious, which is
a repository of accumulated ideas and images that is shared
among all humans. He emphasized the importance of
archetypes, such as the image of the young warrior that is so
common in folklore and even contemporary movies. He also
recognized Introversion/Extroversion.

A

Carl Jung

44
Q

(Individual Psychology) wrote about the
inferiority complex, which are feelings of inferiority developed
from early childhood experiences of helplessness and
incompetence and how it is related to an individual’s drive for
superiority. He believed all children have feelings of inferiority
and that our personality organizes goal seeking behaviors with
the primary motivation in life to overcome these feelings of
Inferiority. Our feelings of inferiority lead to a desire to
compensate with our behaviors and overcome those feelings.

A

Alfred Alder

45
Q

I think my experiences align because I’ve been a good person

A

(Congruence)

46
Q

A person that views themselves a negative in life

A

incongruence(poorly adjusted behavior)

47
Q

Love and acceptance with no conditions
Important for healthy and full development
Behavior and value of a person are separate
Roger’s believed you should separate the evaluation of a person from his or her bad behavior, that shows UPR.
Maladjustment is the result of incongruence between self-concept and life experiences.
Our self esteem is a function of how closely we come to matching our self ideals (our sense of who and what we should be).

A

Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR)

48
Q

So why are so many people unhappy?

A

Carl Roger’s says it is because we have both a real self and an ideal self, and they are often in conflict. In some cases, the hopes and wishes of one’s ideal self

49
Q

Defense Mechanisms Used excessively, defense
mechanisms can be dangerous
because they

A

they distort reality.

50
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

lower needs need to be met first/ Physiological, safety, love and and belongingness, esteem, self-actualization

51
Q

What type of twins have higher correlation in personality?

A

Identical or more alike than fraternal and that means personality is partly inherited

52
Q

Different cultures unique to their selves and want themselves to achieve

A

individualistic

53
Q

Connected to the group and want others to succeed and respect to elders

A

collectivist

Psychology Test 4 (3 decks)

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