PVD

Question 1

Intermittent Claudication

Answer 1

Chronic lower limb Arterial insufficiency to muscles

presenting as pain on walking

Question 2

Chronic Ischemic Rest Pain

Answer 2

Severe obstruction causing pain at rest, in bed or when sitting

Question 3

Acute Critical Ischemia

Answer 3

Sudden onset of pain similar to rest pain

Question 4

main investigation for a patient presenting with pain on exercise

Answer 4

Ankle- Brachial Index (ABI)

Question 5

Ankle- Brachial Index (ABI) indicating PVD

Answer 5

Below 0.9

Question 6

Normal ABI

Answer 6

0.9-1.3

Question 7

Major Risk factors for PVD (4)

Answer 7

GASD
Gender- male
age- above 55
smoking 
diabetes

Question 8

other risk factors for PVD (3)

Answer 8

Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia/ Hypertriglyceridemia
Obesity/ Sedentary lifestyle

Question 9

Intermittent Claudication History

Answer 9

• Pain on distance
• Worse walking uphill
• Increases pain if continue walking
• Limping and need to stop
• Pain stops within 1-2 mins of stopping

Question 10

Chronic Ischemic Rest Pain

Answer 10

symptoms at worse

Question 11

clinical features/ signs of PAD (8)

Answer 11

• Atrophy of calf muscles
• Loss of extremity hair
• Thickening toenails
• Changes in skin texture, colour, temperature
• Cold limbs
• Tissue loss
• Ulcers
• Swelling

Question 12

other investigations for susepected PAD other than ABI

Answer 12

duplex USS
MR-angiography
glucose and cholestrol levels

Question 13

complications of PAD

Answer 13

ulcers

gangerene

Question 14

claudication vs rest pain

Answer 14

Claudication: pain on walking, relieved by stopping activity, pain gone in 1-2 mins, worse uphill and pain continues if you keep walking

Rest Pain: pain at rest that can have ulcers and gangrene
pain at night when lying down,