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Med Surg > PVD > Flashcards

PVD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal GFR?

A

90-120

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2
Q

What is the normal CRP and what is indicated with elevation?

A

<3; inflammation

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3
Q

What is the normal homocysteine level?

A

<15

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4
Q

Sodium restriction

A

<2400mg but 1500 is ideal

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5
Q

How do diuretics work to decrease blood pressure?

A

They cause volume depletion, sodium excretion, and vasodilation of peripheral arterioles.

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6
Q

Side effect of thiazides

A

Decreased libido in men

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7
Q

What are three examples of diuretics?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
Spironolactone

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8
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work to decrease Bp?

A

Interfere with the movement of calcium ions across the membrane, slow the rate of contraction of the heart, and relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels resulting in vasodilation.

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9
Q

What are 4 calcium channel blockers?

A

Amlodipine (grapefruit safe)
Diliazem
Nifedipine
Verapamil

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10
Q

What are 3 examples of ACE inhibitors?

A

Benazepril
Captopril
Enalapril

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11
Q

What are 2 angiotensin 2 receptor blockers?

A

Losartan

Valsartan

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12
Q

What is a precaution of angiotensin 2 receptor blockers?

A

Avoid foods high in K

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13
Q

What is an example of an aldosterone receptor agonist? What are side effects or precautions?

A

Eplerenone
Do not take with grapefruit juice or St. John’s wart.
Can cause low sodium and high potassium

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14
Q

What do beta adrenergic blockers do?

A

Inhibit cardiac response to sympathetic nerve stimulation by blocking beta receptors thus reducing heart rate, cardiac output, and Bp.
Also inhibit the release of renin

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15
Q

What are three beta blockers?

A

Propranolol
Metoprolol
Atenolol

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16
Q

What are some precautions with beta blockers?

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Fatigue, depression, and sexual dysfunction
Caution in diabetics

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17
Q

How do central alpha agonists work?

A

Stimulate receptors in brain stem resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow for CNS with a decrease in HR and peripheral vascular resistance. Very fast

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18
Q

What is an example of a central alpha agonist?

A

Clonidine

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19
Q

How do alpha adrenergic agents work?

A

Dilate the arterioles and veins. Works quickly

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20
Q

What are two examples of alpha adrenergic agonists?

A

Prazosin

Doxazosin

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21
Q

What is a side effect of ACE inhibitors?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

22
Q

Inflow disease

A

Affects the lower back, buttocks, or thighs (distal aorta and iliac arteries)

23
Q

Outflow disease

A

Causes cramping in the calves, ankles, and feet. More tissue damage. (Femoral and popliteal arteries)

24
Q

Which position helps PAD?

A

Dangle feet

25
Q

What would an arterial ulcer look like?

A

Even edges
Defined
Black toes
Thick nails

26
Q

What would a venous ulcer look like?

A

Beefy red
More surface area
Ankle area

27
Q

How do you assess an ABI?

A

Divide the ankle Bp by the brachial Bp.

If difference is less than 0.9 they have PAD

28
Q

What is a normal PT?

A

11-13.5

29
Q

What is a normal INR?

A

0.8-1.1

30
Q

What are some antiplatelet aggregating agents? 3

A

Plavix
Trental
ASA

31
Q

What is a precaution for plavix?

A

No grapefruit

32
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock? (4)

A

Decrease Bp
Increase pulse
Doom
Distinction

33
Q

What is the main concern of artherectomy?

A

Emboli

34
Q

What are the six P’s of PAD?

A 
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Parasthesia
Paralysis
Poikilothermia
35
Q

Virchows triad

A

Cause thrombus
Stasis of blood
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability

36
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

37
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

Vitamin K

38
Q

What is the normal ptt?

A

25-35 sec

39
Q

What is the position for PVD?

A

Elevate legs

40
Q

Normal cholesterol

A

Less than 200

41
Q

HDL

A

Greater than it equal to 45

42
Q

LDL

A

Less than 130

43
Q

Normal triglycerides

A

Less than or equal to 160 in men

Less than 135 in women

44
Q

What could an increased homocysteine level mean?

A

Plaque buildup

45
Q

What are 3 bile acid binding resins to treat high cholesterol?

A

Cholestyramine
Colestipol
Colesevalem

46
Q

What should you monitor with Questran or cholestyramine?

A

Constipation

47
Q

What is a side effect of Niacin for cholesterol?

A

Hot flashes

48
Q

What is a precaution of the statins for cholesterol?

A

Do not give to liver patient
Interacts with warfarin
Increases liver enzymes

49
Q

What is considered HTN in people over 60?

A

150/90

50
Q

What is considered HTN for people under 60?

A

140/90

Med Surg (6 decks)

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