PVD

Question 1

Stroke risk factors that indicate Carotid Bif Imaging?

Answer 1

hx of neuro sxs
degree of carotid stenosis
plaque characteristics
contralat weakness/sensory deficit

Question 2

Do carotid bruits predict the risk of carotid stenosis:

asymp?

symptomatic?

Answer 2

NOT predicative of stenosis

ipsilat bruits is predictive of stenosis

Question 3

High Risk Group for Carotid Stenosis is?

Answer 3

> 60 yo + any of:

HTN
CAD
smoker
1stº relative w/ stroke hx

Question 4

Asymp Carotid Stenosis tx?

Answer 4

Tx contributing factors (HTN, DM, hyperlip)
stop smoking
aspirin

Question 5

Indications for Surgery of Carotid Stenosis?

Answer 5

symp w/ stenosis > 50%

asymp w/ stenosis > 60%

Question 6

Chronic Aortic Occlusive Disease epidemiology?

Answer 6

younger females
smoker + hyperlip
chronic low limb ischemia

Question 7

Chronic Aortic Occlusive Disease imaging?

Answer 7

angiogram

MRI

Question 8

Chronic Aortic Occlusive Disease tx?

Answer 8

Aortic Bypass

Angioplasty

Question 9

Acute Aortic Occlusive Disease presents?

Answer 9

neuro deficit + paralysis

absent femoral pulse

Question 10

Acute Aortic Occlusive Disease tx?

Answer 10

Emergency surgery

Question 11

Aneurysm definition?

Answer 11

abnormal bv dialtion 1.5 to 2x size

Question 12

Dissection definition?

Answer 12

tear in vessel wall

Question 13

Atherosclerotic Aneurysm characteristics?

Answer 13

(U) abdonimal vs thoracic,
progressive expansion to rupture,
(U) several co-morbidities,
(U) presents as back pain

Question 14

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) imaging?

Answer 14

US (diagnostic and follow)

CT (therapy planning)

Question 15

AAA surgical intervention when?

Answer 15

> 5.5 cm or symptomatic

Question 16

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm management?

Answer 16

b-block
angiotensin block
statins

Question 17

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm indication for surgery?

Answer 17

5-6 cm ABSOLUTE

Question 18

Aortic Dissection presents?

Answer 18

acute onset of tearing pain

Question 19

Aortic Dissection imaging?

Answer 19

spiral CT

Question 20

Aortic Dissection tx?

Answer 20

Emergency surgery

b-block then vasodilator

Question 21

Most common type of Arterial PVD?

Answer 21

arterial insufficiency

Question 22

Arterial Insufficiency (U) caused by?

Answer 22

atherosclerosis

Question 23

Most common sites for atherosclerotic plaques in PVD?

Answer 23

(U) at bifercations
femoral
popliteal

Question 24

Main sxs of PVD?

Answer 24

claudication

Question 25

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is?

Answer 25

measure of difference b/w systolic BP in arm vs legs

1 = normal
< 0.5 = severe

Question 26

Claudication management?

Answer 26

stop-start walking
smoking cessation
Pentoxifylline or Cilostazol

Question 27

Claudication surgery?

Answer 27

endarterectomy (plaque removal),

revascularization

Question 28

Acute Arterial Obstruction is?

tx?

Answer 28

sudden cessation of blood to extremity

emergency surgery

Question 29

Acute Arterial Obstruction signs/sxs?

Answer 29

5 Ps:
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia (prickling)
Paralysis
Pulselessness

Question 30

Compartment Syndrome is?

Usually result of?

Answer 30

pressure/compression of nerves, veins, arteries in limb

reperfusion of ischemic limb

Question 31

Compartment Synd signs/sxs?

Answer 31

Pain out of proportion to findings
Passive stretch pain
Paresthesia
Pokliothermia (no temp control)
Paralysis
Pulselessness

Question 32

Compartment Synd tx?

Answer 32

Fasciotomy (incision thru fascia) w/ delayed closure

Question 33

Raynaud’s

Answer 33

digital ischemia due to arterial vasospasm

Question 34

Varicose Veins are?

caused by?

Answer 34

dilated, tortuous superficial veins

venous insufficiency - defective valves, walls or ↑ pressure

Question 35

Chronic Venous Insuff caused by?

Answer 35

valvular incompetence or

residual damage from DVT

Question 36

Chronic Venous Insuff management?

Answer 36

limb elevation
compression
diuretics
surgery