Immuno: adaptive Flashcards
Steps in the Adaptive Immunity process? (5)
1) participating cells mature
2) process foreign antigens
3) recognize antigens
4) expand to target antigens
5) eliminate antigen
Humoral Adaptive Immunity works how?
uses B-lymphocytes to eliminate microbes
Cell-mediated Adaptive Immunity works how?
uses dendrites to present antigens to T-cell and
activation of cytokines and other immune cells
Antibodies work how?
Purpose?
“Hands” binds specific antigen
“Fc tail” binds immunity cells
tags antigen for destruction,
prevents virus from entering other cells (neutralizes)
IgM antibodies made by?
Purpose?
(1st Ab produced, last 1 day)
activated plasma cells
Activate/fix complement to target
IgG antibodies purpose?
NKC receptor,
Tag microbe,
neutralize viruses,
some C fixing
IgG antibody passed to fetus how?
placenta
Gamma globulin injections are?
IgG already exposed to virus,
tx viral inf (hep A)
IgA antibodies purpose?
(most abundant)
guards mucosa,
collects pathogens -> sends to feces,
poor C fixing (don’t want inflamm thru mucus)
IgE antibodies purpose?
Method of action?
allergy response,
parasites
1st exposure makes lots of IgE Ab
bind to mast cells -> signal mast to degranulate = ↑ immune activity
*can cause anaphylactic shock
B-Cells made by?
Purpose?
Stem cell -> Lymphoid
tag antigens (antigen-presenting)
*produces only one type Ab, still recognizes several
B-Cells activated when?
binds to antigen,
may require several
B-Cells become what cells?
plasma (produces antibody) and memory:
B binds antigen ->
helper T cell activates B ->
B divides into plasm and memory cells
T-Cell made where?
Activated how?
bone marrow,
mature in thymus
alpha, beta, gamma receptors clusters around antigen
Cytotoxic T-Cell purpose?
identify and kill,
induce virally infected cells to die
Helper T-Cells purpose?
assist in killer-T activation,
activate B-cells to produce Ab,
directs release/activation of cytokines
Antigen-Presenting Cells purpose?
Antigen presentation is central fxn of adaptive immunity! T’s won’t kill w/o the antigen presentation.
Alert/activate Killer T and Helper T
Use Class I and II MHC molecules to “present.”
Class I MHC genes?
Purpose?
HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C
binds and displays foreign invasion on cell surface,
allows Killer T to “see”
Class II MHC purpose?
signal Helper T that battle actively going on
Allergy response for non-allergic people?
For allergic people?
IgG
IgE (causes mast cell degran release of histamine)
Autoimmune disease causes?
Frequently follow bacterial/viral infection
MHC presents peptides from “self”
B and T make receptors for “self” antigens
Type I DM autoimmune how?
body makes anitbodies to beta cells = no insulin
Myasthenia Gravis autoimmune how?
self antibodies block ACh receptors
MS autoimmune how?
T’s target self myelin
RA autoimmune how?
IgM-IgG complex attacks cartilage
Lupus Erythem autoimmune how?
IgG attack RNA/DNA proteins,
clog liver/kidney
AIDS autoimmune how?
virus undetectable
Cancer spreads how?
mutation prevention systems shut off
proliferation safe-guard shut off (tumor suppressor gene p53)
*Cyto T cells don’t leave blood until activated, CA grows faster than Cyto T is notified
