Immuno: adaptive

Question 1

Steps in the Adaptive Immunity process? (5)

Answer 1

1) participating cells mature
2) process foreign antigens
3) recognize antigens
4) expand to target antigens
5) eliminate antigen

Question 2

Humoral Adaptive Immunity works how?

Answer 2

uses B-lymphocytes to eliminate microbes

Question 3

Cell-mediated Adaptive Immunity works how?

Answer 3

uses dendrites to present antigens to T-cell and

activation of cytokines and other immune cells

Question 4

Antibodies work how?

Purpose?

Answer 4

“Hands” binds specific antigen
“Fc tail” binds immunity cells

tags antigen for destruction,
prevents virus from entering other cells (neutralizes)

Question 5

IgM antibodies made by?

Purpose?

Answer 5

(1st Ab produced, last 1 day)
activated plasma cells

Activate/fix complement to target

Question 6

IgG antibodies purpose?

Answer 6

NKC receptor,
Tag microbe,
neutralize viruses,
some C fixing

Question 7

IgG antibody passed to fetus how?

Answer 7

placenta

Question 8

Gamma globulin injections are?

Answer 8

IgG already exposed to virus,

tx viral inf (hep A)

Question 9

IgA antibodies purpose?

Answer 9

(most abundant)

guards mucosa,
collects pathogens -> sends to feces,
poor C fixing (don’t want inflamm thru mucus)

Question 10

IgE antibodies purpose?

Method of action?

Answer 10

allergy response,
parasites

1st exposure makes lots of IgE Ab

bind to mast cells -> signal mast to degranulate = ↑ immune activity
*can cause anaphylactic shock

Question 11

B-Cells made by?

Purpose?

Answer 11

Stem cell -> Lymphoid

tag antigens (antigen-presenting)

*produces only one type Ab, still recognizes several

Question 12

B-Cells activated when?

Answer 12

binds to antigen,

may require several

Question 13

B-Cells become what cells?

Answer 13

plasma (produces antibody) and memory:

B binds antigen ->
helper T cell activates B ->
B divides into plasm and memory cells

Question 14

T-Cell made where?

Activated how?

Answer 14

bone marrow,
mature in thymus

alpha, beta, gamma receptors clusters around antigen

Question 15

Cytotoxic T-Cell purpose?

Answer 15

identify and kill,

induce virally infected cells to die

Question 16

Helper T-Cells purpose?

Answer 16

assist in killer-T activation,
activate B-cells to produce Ab,
directs release/activation of cytokines

Question 17

Antigen-Presenting Cells purpose?

Answer 17

Antigen presentation is central fxn of adaptive immunity! T’s won’t kill w/o the antigen presentation.

Alert/activate Killer T and Helper T

Use Class I and II MHC molecules to “present.”

Question 18

Class I MHC genes?

Purpose?

Answer 18

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

binds and displays foreign invasion on cell surface,
allows Killer T to “see”

Question 19

Class II MHC purpose?

Answer 19

signal Helper T that battle actively going on

Question 20

Allergy response for non-allergic people?

For allergic people?

Answer 20

IgG

IgE (causes mast cell degran release of histamine)

Question 21

Autoimmune disease causes?

Answer 21

Frequently follow bacterial/viral infection

MHC presents peptides from “self”

B and T make receptors for “self” antigens

Question 22

Type I DM autoimmune how?

Answer 22

body makes anitbodies to beta cells = no insulin

Question 23

Myasthenia Gravis autoimmune how?

Answer 23

self antibodies block ACh receptors

Question 24

MS autoimmune how?

Answer 24

T’s target self myelin

Question 25

RA autoimmune how?

Answer 25

IgM-IgG complex attacks cartilage

Question 26

Lupus Erythem autoimmune how?

Answer 26

IgG attack RNA/DNA proteins,

clog liver/kidney

Question 27

AIDS autoimmune how?

Answer 27

virus undetectable

Question 28

Cancer spreads how?

Answer 28

mutation prevention systems shut off

proliferation safe-guard shut off (tumor suppressor gene p53)

*Cyto T cells don’t leave blood until activated, CA grows faster than Cyto T is notified