Immuno: innate Flashcards
Innate vs Adaptive immunity?
Innate = non-specifc, natural, prior exposure not needed
Adaptive = specific, cell mediated
Immunogenicity is?
capacity to induce response
Antigenicity is?
ability to bind immune cells (Ig),
immune response may/not result
Respiratory/Oxidative Burst is?
membrane-bound NADPH system production of superoxides, H2O2, hyperchlorous acid, chloramines
Biochemical innate immunity is from what?
lysozymes
sebaceous secretions (acidic)
GI/U organisms
Chemical/Physical innate immunity is from?
mucus
cilia in trach
acid in stom
skin
Characteristics of innate immunity?
immediate
non-specific
response doesn’t increase w/ repeat exposure
Innate immunity cells originate from what stem cells?
Make what kind of end cell?
Myeloid stem cell –>
makes granulocytes
Inflammation process?
tissue damage or cell-mediated histamine release ->
vasodilation/permeable capillaries
cell-mediated heparin release ->
↓ clotting
Granulocyte types? (5)
Neutrophils (most abundant) Eosinophils Basophils (least abundant) Mast cells Monocytes
Basophils purpose?
Found?
Releases?
Allergy and helminth response
circulates in blood (matures in bone marrow)
histamine (incr BF and vessel permeability), heparin (↓ clotting)
Eosinophils purpose?
Found?
Releases?
Other actions?
Allergy and asthma response
from bone marrow -> circulation and organs esp GI and respiratory
Oxy radicals (kill microbes, esp virus, helminth) leukotrienes (airway smooth mm contraction)
stim T-lymphocytes
act as antigen presenting cells
weak phagocytic
Neutrophils (PMNs) purpose?
Respond to?
Found?
Releases?
Other actions?
First responders against bacteria
cytokines signal neutros to injury
circulate in blood
cytokines (IL, IFN) to amp response,
antimicrob proteins,
NET (fibers that bind)
strong phago
Mast Cells purpose?
Found?
Releases?
Degranulate if?
Allergy response
from bone marrow -> mature in tissues (U mucosa)
histamine and heparin
injured,
complement exposure,
antigen exposure
Monocytes purpose?
Found?
Stim by pathogens results in?
make dendritic cells and macrophages
bone marrow -> spleen
cell differentiation
Dendritic cell purpose?
capture antigens ->
deliver to lymph node ->
pass to T and B cells
Macrophages purpose?
Found?
phagocytosis
skin, lungs, GI
Resting stage of Macrophage purpose?
cleans up cellular debris
Primed stage of Macrophage purpose?
active engulfing of bacteria ->
display fragments for T cells
Hyper-activated stage of Macrophage initiated by?
purpose?
inflam cytokines
rapid engulfing/digestion of pathogens
Kupffer cells are?
purpose?
specialized macrophages in liver
destroy bacteria and old RBC
Alcohol affects Kupffer cells how?
chronically activates them ->
overprodxn of inflam cytokines ->
chronic inflammation
Natural Killer cells (NKC) are?
Found?
cytotoxic lymphocytes
don’t require recognition of pathogen
“on call” in blood, liver, spleen
NKC activity ↑ by what?
cytokines from macrophages
NKC method of action?
release perforins/proteases ->
cause lysis or trigger aptosis
Complement System is/does?
Proteins made where?
antigens activate group of proteins to signal immune cells to attack
liver
Specific fxns of Complement System:
Opsonization?
enhances phagocytosis by marking antigens for destruction
Specific fxns of Complement System:
Chemotaxis?
attracts and activate macrophages and neutrophils
induces degranulation of mast and basophils
Specific fxns of Complement System:
Lysis?
form Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) that lyse pathogen thru osmotic imbalance
Complement pathways are?
cascade of enzyme activation
Complement Classic pathway works using?
IgG, IgM
Complement Alternative pathway used against?
LPS
endotoxins
IC
