Puthoff Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is a complication of repair/healing of meningitis?
Leptomeningeal fibrosis leading to hydrocephalus (chronic adhesive arachnoiditis)
What is characterized by recurrent strokes and dementia?
Due to mutations in what?
CADASIL
NOTCH3
What is the risk factor most commonly associated with lobar hemorrhages?
What increases the risk?
CAA
Epsilon 2 and 4 of the ApoE gene
What prion disease is associated with progressive cerebellar ataxia?
Gerstmann-Straussler
Describe the following of bacterial meningitis CSF:
Color Pressure Protein Glucose Cells
Cloudy/purulent Increased pressure Increased protein Reduced glucose Neutrophils
What is the artery most often occluded in stroke?
What areas does it supply?
MCA
Parietal, temporal, frontal lobes
What prion disease leads to rapidly progressive dementia?
CJD
Describe the following in viral CSF:
Color
Pressure
Protein
Glucose
Cells
Colorless Increased pressure Slight increased protein Normal glucose Initially neutrophil, then lymphocytic
What are the most sensitive neurons in the brain?
Pyramidal cells of hippocampus (CA1/Sommer sector)
cerebral Purkinje cells
Pyramidal neurons in cerebral cortex
SSPE is the result of what?
Characterized by what?
Measles virus
Cognitive decline, spasticity of limbs, seizures, has gliosis and myelin degeneration
Infection from what Protozoa causes chronic granulomatous Meningoencephalitis?
Acanthameba
Injury to large areas of the subcortical white matter with myelin and axon loss is what?
Binswanger disease
Aphasia, right hemiparesis, right hemisensory loss, right visual field cut, and left gaze preference is due to what?
Left MCA syndrome
What enters the CNS by ascending along peripheral nerves?
What is the characteristic symptom?
Rabies
Local parasthesias at site of wound
What causes periventricular necrosis in utero and microcephaly?
Also common in whom?
What striking morphologic features?
CMV
HIV Pts
Intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
Thrombosis is usually due to what?
Most common where?
Atherosclerosis
Lower in the body, more proximal locations
What is responsible for hematogenous spread of fungal spread to the brain?
Candida Albicans
Mucor
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
What are the most sensitive cells in the CNS?
Neurons
Where is the region of greatest risk for watershed infarcts in the brain?
Border zone between ACA and MCA
What is responsible for encephalitis in neonates via vaginal delivery?
HSV-2 (50%)
What arises in the setting of malignant HTN?
Characterized by what?
HTN encephalopathy
Diffuse cerebral dysfunction, headaches, confusion, vomiting, convulsions, leads to coma
What causes PML?
Seen in whom?
Infects what?
JC polyoma virus
Reactivation of virus in immunosuppressed and AIDS Pts
Oligodendrocytes
Who does fungal Meningoencephalitis occur in?
Immunocompromised (long-term steroid/glucocorticoid user)
What are thrombotic occlusions most commonly associated with?
Where are the most common sites?
Atherosclerosis and plaque rupture
Carotid bifurcation, origin of MCA, basilar artery
