Puthoff Lecture 1 Flashcards
What causes a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What are the major risk factors?
Associated with what diseases?
Rupture of a saccular “Berry” aneurysm, normally anterior Circle of Willis
Smoking, HTN
Marfan, polycystic kidney disease
Where do intraparenchymal hemorrhages occur?
What kind of bleeds may develop?
Deep white or gray matter
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms leading to Stroke
What cell responds to injury?
Astrocytes
If you have a right hemisphere trans-Tentorial herniation what does it cause?
Results in what?
Kernohan’s notch of the LEFT cerebral peduncle
Right-sided motor impairment
A block in the ventricular system leading to an asymmetric dilation of the ventricles is what?
Non-communicating
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges
What neuronal sites contribute to the BB barrier?
Astrocytes
Agenesis of the corpus callosum results in what?
What radiologic finding?
Mental retardation
Bat wing appearance
What disease localizes around ependymal cells, especially in infants?
CMV
What can generally cause increased ICP?
Brain edema
INC CSF volume
Expanding mass lesion
Symmetric dilation of the ventricle system means what?
Implies what?
Communicating hydrocephalus
Block at level of arachnoid granulations
Dandy Walker syndrome results in what?
Large posterior fossa
No cerebellar vermis
What shape are fibrous astrocytes?
Protoplasmic?
Spindle
Rounded
A traumatic tear of the carotid a. Where it traverses the carotid sinus may lead to what?
AV fistula
What is characteristic of a basilar skull fracture?
CSF bloody
“Raccoon eyes”
Battle’s sign
What describes cerebral palsy?
What symptoms?
Non-progressive neurologic motor deficit
Spasticity, dystonia, ataxia, paresis
Subdural hematomas have what special features?
Membrane formation
Fibroblast proliferation
What is characteristic of Guillon Buret syndrome?
Humoral immunity and is a demyelinating disease
Ascending paralysis
What causes cytotoxic edema?
Due to what?
INC in intracellular fluid
Neuronal, glial, or endothelial cell membrane injury
What causes vasogenic edema?
How does fluid move?
BB barrier disruption due to INC vascular permeability
From IVC to intracellular spaces of the brain
Rupture of what artery leads to Duret hemorrhage?
Paramedian artery
When are axonal spheroids seen?
Blunt force trauma (post-traumatic)
What is holoprosencephaly?
Failure of midline structures to form and segregation of cerebral cortices
No good lateral ventricular formation
Arnold-Chiari malformation results in what?
Small posterior fossa
