Purple pages Flashcards
What is electronegativity?
Electrons are drawn towards the nucleus
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
If atoms have equal electronegativity, bond is _______
Non-polar
If atoms have different electronegativity, bond is ________
Polar
What is amphipathic in relation to bonds?
Has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties
Does water cling to polar or non-polar molecules?
Polar
What are four macromolecules?
- Polysaccharides
- Lipids
- Polypeptides (Proteins)
- Nucleic acids
Macromolecules are often __________
Polymers
sugars contain carbon, oxygen and hydrogen what is the ratio?
1:2:1
What are polysaccharides?
macromolecules made up of monosaccharide subunits
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond
Carbohydrate storage in plants and animals is what?
Plants: Starch
Animals: Glycogen
Carbohydrate structural in plants and fungi is what?
Plants: Cellulose
Fungi: Chitin
What are lipids?
Groups of molecules that are insoluble in water
- Fats and Oils
What are the three subunits of phospholipids?
- Fatty acid (hydrophobic)
- Glycerol
- Phosphate group (hydrophilic)
What are lipids used for?
Energy
What do fats consist of?
One glycol molecule and three fatty acids
What do amino acids consist of?
An amino group, a carboxyl group and a hydrogen atom all bonded to a central carbon atom
What is a peptide bond?
A bond that links two amino acids
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Amino acid order
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
a-helix
b-sheet
Hydrogen bonding stabilizes these
What is the tertiary structure of proteins?
A single polypeptide molecule
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
Uses many bonds like tertiary
