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Puritans Flashcards

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1
Q

how spent aggggges discussing wether or not the term puritan was useful >

A

Patrick Collinson

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2
Q

three things that make up puritan theology

A

Justification
Sanctification
Predestination

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3
Q

what os Justification

A

original sin condems all humanity to damnation salvation is the free unmerited gift of god

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4
Q

what is sanctification

A

good works are the fruit not the cause of our salvation

  • love of gods works is a sign of election
  • the elect grow in holiness throughout their lives
  • they may also grow to a state of assurance about their salvation
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5
Q

luther’s view of predestination

A

god has chosen who will be saved

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6
Q

Calvins view of election

A

God has two decrees, one is election, one is reprobation (teaches that some of mankind (the elect) are predestined by God for salvation, and the remainder, the reprobate, are left bound to their fallen sin nature to be condemned to damnation in the lake of fire)

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7
Q

what do english puritans believe

A

that it is possible to gain knowledge of your elect status

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8
Q

what does the 1618-19 dutch synod of dort discuss conclude

A 
T=total depravity
U=Unconditional election
L= limited atonement
I= irresistable grace
P= preservation of the saints
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9
Q

R.T.Kendals description of puritans

A

‘experimantal calvinists’

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10
Q

Dixon’s description of puritans

A

‘practical predestenarians’

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11
Q

puritan good works

A

-based on 10 commandments

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12
Q

puritan emphasus

A
  • importance of the sabbath
  • preaching and the sacrements
  • prayer bible reading and meditatin
  • goly association
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13
Q

which Elizabethand contemporary described the elizabethan church as ‘a church but hafly reformed’

A

William fuller in ‘Booke to the Queene’

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14
Q

why were puritan standards so high

A

Many puritans had experienced fully reformed churches in continental exile

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15
Q

why did puritans think the church was ‘but hafly reformed’

A
  • the Elizabethan Church retains cathedrals, vestments, bishops, church courts, canon law, ect.
  • Elizabeth is also determined to maintain the status quo
  • Liturgy and church governance become hot issues
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16
Q

what does adiaphora mean

A
  • Greek word meaning ;things indifferent
  • grey area, things neither prescribed nor proscribed by scripture
  • debates rise about which authority is greater, the authority of the church or scripture
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17
Q

when was the vestiarian controversy

A

1566

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18
Q

what happened in the vestiarian contrversy

A
  • former exiles refues to wear vestments
  • re run of edwardian Hooper Ridley controversy
  • Archbishop Mathew Parker lacked support from queen and council
  • fourced some radicals into open and covert opposition
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19
Q

when was the admonition controversy

A

1572

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20
Q

when was the Marprelate controversy

A

1588-9

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21
Q

what caused the admonition controversy

A
  • Admonition to Parliament,Puritan manifesto, published in 1572 and written by the London clergymen John Field and Thomas Wilcox, that demanded that Queen Elizabeth I restore the purityof New Testament worship in the Church of England and eliminate the remaining Roman Catholic elements and practices from the Church of England
  • admonition advocated greater direct reliance on the authority of the Scriptures
  • The Queen, however, resisted this document. The authors were imprisoned and the leader of the Presbyterians, Thomas Cartwright, was forced to flee England after publishing A Second Admonition to Parliament in support of the first.
  • clergy who refused to conform to the compulsory form of worship that had been promulgated by Elizabeth in 1559 (as the Act of Uniformity) lost their pulpits or were imprisoned.
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22
Q

reasons why a more tentative return to Protestantism ..

A

1) people less likely to believe that change was for certian

2) resiliance of marys catholic teaching

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23
Q

what di denglish goverment do in the face of catholic rebeliousness ?

A

1) all clergymen required to sign up to 39 articles
2) all layity were required to take communion according to the rite of the ook of common prayer
3 became treasonable offence to say that the queen was a heretic

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24
Q

why did subscription to book of common prayer cause problems for puritans ?

A

-had long accepted with its deficiencied because it encouraged the peace and unity of the church … but when required to subscribe secided should probs point of ‘popery’ in book

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25
Q

what did Thomas Cartwright have to say about the episcopal order of the church?

A

there should be 4 orders of ministers . teaching elders, ruling elders, deacons and theological professors. no minister was to be above anyother minister

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26
Q

what was the marprelate controversy ?

A

as a war of pamphlets waged in England and Wales in 1588 and 1589, between a puritan writer who employed the pseudonym Martin Marprelate, and defenders of the Established Church.

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27
Q

when was the marprelate controversy

A

1588-1589

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28
Q

what were the first two tracts published by Marprelate ?

A 
The Epistle (1588) 
The epitome (1588)
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29
Q

READERSHIP OF mARPRELATE TRACTS

A
  • Distribution covered the whole country and was cheap–Pamphlets were sold out of homes or under the counter
  • Some copies may have made it to the continent
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30
Q

who wrote ‘the golden chain’

A

William Perkins

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31
Q

what was the golden chain

A

a text on puritan practical divinity, a way of workign out wether one was part of the elect or not

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32
Q

what does the golden chain contain ?

A

an ‘ordo solutis diagram’ … which was an occular Catechism ahowign the cheif points of religion and the order of them
- it displays the puritian notion of predestination and the status standing of the elect and reprobate in the populace

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33
Q

interesting factois about Perkins golden chain

A

writes 6000 words on the commandment ‘though shalt not kill’

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34
Q

When was Thomas Watsons ‘The godly mans picture’ written ?

A

1666

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35
Q

what was the purpose of Thomas Watsons ‘The godly Mans Picture’ ?

A
  • provide a description of the prefect godly person
  • discusses in detal in 144 pages the traits of a godly man.
  • could hel one determin wether or not he also had these traits
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36
Q

example from the T.W’s the godly mans picture

A

‘SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF A MAN WHO IS GOING TO HEVAN’
Man of knowledge, moved by faith, careful about worship of god, serves god not men, loves the world, man of humility , man of prayer

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37
Q

when was phillip stubbs anatomy of abuses published ?

A

1583

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38
Q

what was philip stubbs anatomy of abuses ?

A

a virulent attack manners, customs, amusements and fashions of the period including the theatre, gambling, alcohol and fashion, and is still valuable for its copious information on the cultural attitudes of the time

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39
Q

who was Nehemiah Wallington

A

wood turner form a humbel background … not weathly

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40
Q

why is Nehemiah Wallington important

A

because he left 50 note books ‘record of the miracles of gods mercies’, in which he struggles with he constant reflection on whether or not he is a member of the elect. contemplates suicide on numerous occasions. however towards end it becomes apparent that he is becoming convinced of his elect status

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41
Q

what are some of the things that Wallington records hims self doing in order to determin his status as a mamber of the reprobate or the elect

A
  • makes lists of sins and virtues
  • attempts sin jar
  • constantly refrencing against 10 commandments
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42
Q

who wrote ‘book of rememberance after her sisters death in 1638

A

Elizabeth Isham

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43
Q

why is isham’s account important

A

-choice to examine herself in writing. discusses her depression and suicide attempts and wether she is elect or not .. similar to nehemiah wallington

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44
Q

why was there controverys over the 1572 chester witsun plays ?

A

-Annoyed that parts embellished for play purposes, no longer true to scripture,
-angered by the fact that the angels sung a lewd and merry song
-Point 19 states that Christ promises bliss for good works . . . . and point 20 that peter is said to create Matthias an apostle bot reminiscent of catholic faith and also incorrect there are 12 apostles not 1 -
Finally it affirms purgatory and features the devil . purgatory is catholic sentiment . and uncomfortable with representation of the devil,,,, could potentiall be seen as iconoclastic.

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45
Q

Who writes to the archbishop of york, asking to put a stop to the witsun plays

A

Christopher Goodman and Robert Rogerson

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46
Q

what else did christopher Goodman write in 1572 that lists the offences in the Chester plays

A

Notes of absurdities in the Chester plays

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47
Q

when did the word puritan initially start beign used ?

A

c. 156, initiall used as an insult

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48
Q

fact that puritans loved reading and writing shows what ?

A

that they were most likely to be middle class educated people

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49
Q

what did puritans refer to themselves as ?

A

‘the godly’ ‘true gospellers’ ‘the elect’

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50
Q

what kind of a movment was puritanism

A

it was never seen as an independent movment, instead it was reactionary, it difined itself against what it did not like

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51
Q

how did christopher hill describe the term puritan

A

dragon in the path of every student of this period

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52
Q

how does kenneth parker describe uritanism ?

A

Puritanism was above all else a biblical movement

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53
Q

how does leyland Ryken describe puritan

A

‘Puritans had to be self-disciplined. The motivation behind this practical faith was the fundamental devotional quality in the Christian life: communion with god’

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54
Q

why is the term Puritan seen as a difficult term ?

A

because sliding scale of people with diffrent opinions, not ingherently diffrent from protestants but have slightly more intense beliefs

1) puritans didnt like the term themselves
2) movment never really existed as independednt freestanding movment

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55
Q

puritans and their notion of comunal spirit

A
  • no activity should distract from god
  • many innocent activities had the potential to become corrupted
  • association with catholic was condemned
  • like group puritan activities eg. conversation and group readings
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56
Q

puritan paradox ??

A

that puritans loved sermons .. loved to hear them being read and preached, believed that actually a connection to god . would feel very short changed if preacher just red from the book of homolies

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57
Q

puritans and tunes ?

A

no music, apart from psalms sung slowley as metric hymsns

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58
Q

puritans and the jive

A

NO NO NO NO .. the hate this shit, similar to how much they hate the theatre… one contemporary even suggested that the act of dancing was actually causing the dancer to break all 10 of the comandments

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59
Q

who wrote the essential reading text on the ‘Puritan Ethos’

A

CHRISTOPHER DURSTON AND JACQUELINE EALES

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60
Q

what d C.D and J.E. suggest puritans were in the forst 30 years of elizabeths reign

A

hose most commonly involved in the political campaign being waged in the pulpit, press and parliament to bring about further reformation

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61
Q

name three puritan radicals at forfront of calls form reform

A

thomas cartwright
walter travers
John Field

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62
Q

how did John Gee a 17c. comentator describe the puritan lifestyle

A

as ‘a lifestyle distinguished by prayer’

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63
Q

when did puritans take part in the social experience of fasting

A

in bad times eg. plague/ armada .. (when protestants did too) however alos did more frequently and as a form of thanskgiving and worship

64
Q

other social things puritans took part in

A
  • gadding, journeying to hear preachers

- ritual humiliation, for those who upset the patriachal order

65
Q

what was a puritan familly representative of ?

A

a little church ?

66
Q

who wrote a book on englands culture wars ?

A

Bernard Capp

67
Q

when does Bernard Capps debate about the decline of fun begiN ?

A

our period, watershed Patrick Collison argues is the 1580s

68
Q

what were the culture wars ?

A

church vs. local traditional parctices

69
Q

what is Patrick Collisions uniue definition of iconoclasm ?

A

critical but creative attack on images retaining the acceptable use of them for theor own advantages

70
Q

what is the dictionary definition of iconoclasm ?

A

image breaking

71
Q

describe iconoclasm at the begining of the reformation

A
  • did not lokie images of saints, or the virgin mary

- but used images in attacks against the popo and catholicism eg. in the image of the ‘pope as the whore of babylon’

72
Q

what is Patrick collisons definition of iconophobia

A

began around the 1580 watershed and was the rejection of any kind of imagery Ballad, Drama, song or play

73
Q

what are the four main sections where can be seen in the culture of ‘merry england’ during the watershed ?

A

iMAGES,
PLAYS
BALLADS
PICTORAL ART

74
Q

what was dram initially seen as

A

the preserve of the catholic church

75
Q

what play write wrote protestant popergandist plays ?

A

John Bale

76
Q

name 3 of john bales plays

A

1) the three laws of nature
2) Moses and christ
3) Pharisees and Paypists most wicked (was a morality play)

77
Q

what was published in 1583

A

Philip stubbs anatomie of abuses

78
Q

what did Stubbs argue about plays ?

A

that they were idolatrous and unclean

79
Q

what else did phillp stubbes attack ?

A

dancing, gambling, alehouses, drinking . . . anything that was profane and insulting to god

80
Q

what is one way that the notion of iconophobia in merry england can be challenged

A

through medium of pictorial art / house decorations

81
Q

what does Tara Hamling argue in ‘decorating the godly house hold’

A

that houses are full of religious imagery. adam and eve, Abraham and Issac. biblical narratives festooned the walls

82
Q

what dies Patrick Collision suggest about humans and images

A

That images are part of our culture, we use them to understand the material world (link to clifford Geertz)

83
Q

two different readings of the notion of ‘christs true church’

A
  • some though that it meant little england

- others that it meant a select few within the church of england itself

84
Q

what was the implication of the much narrower understanding of the term ‘christs true church’?

A

meant that protestantism became a morally mor demandng religion , both inwardly and outwardly more repressive . PC

85
Q

when does Patrick Collision place the cultural watershed ?

A

1580s, between the 1st and second generation of protestants. . . . not between last generation of catholics and first generation of protestants

86
Q

why is it strange that minds changed against alehouses /

A

because initially at home in such places :

87
Q

examples f protestants being at home nitially in alehouses

A
  • under mary protestants of colchester made alehouse their headuaters
  • in london the protestant congregation gathered at the swam at limehouse, the kings head at ratcliffe and the sarcens head at isligton
88
Q

initial collison protestant driking quote

A

‘on one occasion the company of thirty consumed ‘three or four pots of beer each, before turning their attention to the sermon’

89
Q

what did drinking houses become seen as though by protsetsnts ?

A
  • those who entre such an establishment ‘doth thinke he cometh into a little hell’
  • elizabethan proestants at this point began to distance themselves from drinking houses
90
Q

description of john bales plays

A

anti catholic, rather than positivly protestant

91
Q

how are religious plays similar to astrology ?

A

sometimes taken instead of sermon. therefore competition for the same auidence

92
Q

what did philip stubbs have to say abut divine plays

A

they were worse than profane plays

93
Q

when did the broadside ballad begin to go out of fashion

A

1580s-90s

94
Q

one possible reason for the dissaperance of godly ballads ?

A

possible that people preferred the separation between divine and comon culture

95
Q

figures that show ballad decrease

1) between 1559-1572
2) between 1573 and 76
3) between 1576 and 1584

A

1) 169 printed
2) none
3) 63

96
Q

Example of a person who had loads of interior decor

A

Robert Dudley 1st earl of Leicester, close friend of queen Elizabeth home at kew

97
Q

example of a person very strict about their interior decor

A

Henry Hastings …. only maps and non representational floral hangings and a table of the 10 commandments

98
Q

who compares the task of explaining the relationship between puritanism and pupular culture as similar o walking into a minfield that contains hidden explosives and quicksand

A

Alexandra walsham “both the subjects are slippery, contentious and intacable’

99
Q

who does walsham suggest that puritans or ‘true professors’ constructed theirs identity

A

in opposition to te cultural and moral values of incorrigible worldlings =, contrasted the sweet joys of their own grace, with the ‘frothy pleasures of good fellowship’

100
Q

puritan steryotypes that suggest the layity also disliked their ‘godly neigbours’

A
  • the name itself = initially an insult

- shakespears Malvolio

101
Q

who did the study of the essex village of Terling in which Puritans took key roles in town, which they argue link to the increased discipline of the poor and the tightening up of religious and moral standards in the town

A

Keith wrightson and David Levine

102
Q

who argues against Keith Wrightson and David Levine’s study

A

Margaret Spufford and Marjourie Macintosh

103
Q

how do Margaret Spufford and Marjourie Macintish argue aganst keith wrightson and david levine

A
  • the have noticed similar tightining of regularition in towns and areas due to demographic and economic pressure, from the early 14c. onwards.. therefore suggestion that changes are due to a religious belief is nothing more than a gigantic red herring
104
Q

not all aspects of puritanism went against normal religion … what are these

A

providentialism ‘lay in the heart of puritan piety’

  • listning to sermons which was an ‘enthralling experience’
  • also puritanism penetrated cheap popular print market
105
Q

example of puritan providentialism

A

hertfordshire taylor john Dane was detered from a night of dancing by a rumble of thunder and was persuaded to attend church dilligently on sundays by the bite of a hornet which caused his finger to swell up.

106
Q

examples of how puritan ideas penetrated the cheap print market

A
  • ‘early godly ballads’
  • john Bunyans classic ‘pilgrims progress’ (1678)
  • printed sermons
  • polemical tracts conedeming sin and demanding the reform of morals eg. philip stubbs
107
Q

which contempoary critisised country dancing an football

A

Humphry Roberts a minister of the kings church langley 1572

108
Q

define Presbyterianism

A

they do not want to seperat, they want reform . very small minority .. the otter sort of the hotter sort of protestant .. belived that the elizabethan church was sick

109
Q

what does nicholas Tyake argue in ‘the puritan pardigm in english politics’

A

that should not see the years after the death of elizabeth as a time of purotan decline

110
Q

what did puritans refer to themselves as ?

A

godly .. professoer, true gospellers, the elect

111
Q

how did christopher hill describe the term puritan ?

A

a dragon in the path of every student

112
Q

how does kennth parker describe puritanism

A

‘puritanism was above all else a biblical movement’

113
Q

what did puritans do to pass the time

A

looved sermons
mertric psalms
fasting
gadding

114
Q

things that christioher durston and juauline eals suggest puritans were totally not ok with (baptism)

A

prayer book at baptism service
also choosing of godparents
signing of cross on childs forehead
ceremony of welcoming back the new mother into the church after laying in period

115
Q

what does peter marshall suggest is the strongest argument against considering the rligious steelment of 1559 to be th natural conclusion to the study of teh english reformation

A

that most english protestants belive dthat there wa a great deeal of reformation still to bring about, both in structures and rituals

116
Q

what led to and where was the first break away group

A

vestearian controversie … meeting london ‘plumbers hall’ discovered 1567

117
Q

what structure did the church retain under Elizabeth

A

heirarchical rule

118
Q

who campaigned against church structure

A

thomas cartwright

119
Q

thomas cartwrights main issues

A

saints days, kneeling to recived comminion, burial service, rings in marraige , churching women after child birth

120
Q

thomas cartwirghts main opponent

A

John Witgift

121
Q

many normal puritans were appalled by the confrontational tone of the _______?

A

the admonition controversy .P.M

122
Q

as well as the admonition controversy what else caused widespread worry that the church was turning in on itself

A

French St. batholemues day massacre

123
Q

when were the marprelate tracts printed ?

A

1588-9

124
Q

other sepratist groups since 1567 plumbers hall discovery

A

Brownists .. after robert brown

125
Q

what happened to puritinism after 1590s

A

movement turned inwards on itself away from political activity and towards local evangelicalism and the cultivation of intense inereriorised puritna piety

126
Q

when and what was the ‘decleration of sports’

A

1618 gave official sanction to pursuit of harmless recreations after sunday worship

127
Q

how did puritans perceive themselves ?

A

the beleagured minority surrounded by hordes of the ungodly

128
Q

how many did jacobean preacher john dennison estimate might be saved ?

A

1 in 10 ?

129
Q

Nicholas Bifield estimate of the saved

A

’ almost all that we meet with are malfactors under scentence … unquenchable fire kindled against them’

130
Q

specific town where lots of puritan anti puritan clashes

A

Banbury eg. morris dancing and town cross

131
Q

who wrote the article about puritan preaching

A

Arnold Hunt

132
Q

in midst of admonition controversy what did Thomas Cartwright suggest would happen if words of scripture were merley read

A

that people would perish

133
Q

in respons to cartwirghts claims about preaching howdid john witgift respond?

A

that an educated adult preacher might be the ideal but hevan was not shut up to those who lived under a minister who could only read scripture and the homolies

134
Q

how argues that we should be careful of reading to much into puritan diaries.. they do not shows obsessed with despair . only those in this place needed diary , those who were untroubled or positivley comforted by the doctrine of predestination did not reuire letters or treatises

A

Alec Ryrie ‘being protestant in reformation britian’

135
Q

owen watkins quote

A

we do not get a full picture of a man from notes if this kind any more than we can judge a garden by looking through the contents of the incinerator

136
Q

ways Alec ryrie shows how people too a less extreme way out of self determination torment

A

richard baxter remembered a friend from youth had a weakness for drink and fell into despair for his sins

137
Q

alec ryrie .. puplic attitued to self uestioning quote

A

‘Apostay was more appealing than suicide

138
Q

John Earle argues what about ‘she puritans’

A

that they gossiped on walk to sermons , same as others would in non church events

139
Q

who argues about ‘she females’ and gossiping while gadding

A

JOhn Earle

140
Q

puritans fasted for diffrent reasons than catholics .. what were these

A

fasted on divine provoidential happening rather than on set ‘holy days’

141
Q

what dies walsham argued regarding puritans and cheap print

A

that puritanism is to often seen as a religion that repelled the illiterate, starting to be seen in a new light… not only for the educated. it infiltrated the cheap print market in the form of things such as pamphlets. these remained in print for long periods of time, thus showing their popularity

142
Q

who took over from from thomas cartwright after he was exiled

A

john field and thomas wilcox

143
Q

what did field and wilcox write to parliment?

A

‘admonition to parliment’

144
Q

why is william perkins ‘the golden chain relevant’

A

gives readers guidance as to the actions that people should or should not commit in order to determine their elect status

145
Q

what specifically distinguished puritans from protestants

A

trying to work out predestined status

146
Q

it is not just puritans who are calvinists, all protestants are , how can you argue this

A

Nicholas Tyacke argued that there was a calvinist concensus in the elizabethan church by the second hakf of elizabeths reign

147
Q

what takes a while to develope after the protestant exiles start to return

A

presbetyrianism , eg. bishops Jewel, grindal and pankhurst all become bishops in the elizabethan church

148
Q

around what date was english presbyterianism an official movement

A

1588

149
Q

name some ways in which puritanism was a social movment

A
  • Gadding
  • psalm singing
  • Prophysising (breaching workshops banned by E in the 1570s)
  • personal diaries eg. Nehimah wallington shared amongest freinds
150
Q

qualification of limiting fun

A

trying to bring about a reformation of manners

151
Q

what were th 1566 advertisments ? and what did the do ?>

A

book of articles that insisted conformity, led to veterinarian controversy

152
Q

when was the geneva bible printed

A

1560

153
Q

what did presbetyrians want ?

A

Genva style model of church, where noone more important than anyone else , and christ not E1 was head of church .

154
Q

what are the 4 diffrent roles in geneva style model of church

A

decons ministers elders teachers

155
Q

what was written in 1570

A

Series of Cambridge letters written by Thomas Cartwright arguing for the establishment of the Presbyterian church system

156
Q

when was Control of all missionary activity is passed over to the Jesuits

A

1586

Elizabethan Religion (5 decks)

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