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Elizabethan Religion > Popular Belief > Flashcards

Popular Belief Flashcards

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1
Q

what did John Calvin say about angels

A

‘angels are the ministers of gods wrath, as well as gods grace’

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2
Q

example of angel appearing in 16c. England

A

When Englishman Gabriel Harding murdered his wife, an angel appeared in his house to announce gods sentence against him and hand him over to satan, who promptly snapped his neck

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3
Q

account of demon appearing in England

A

14c. Norwich . Julian who was a mystic . . . she could provide a very clear detail of his face . . long and lean, color of a fired tile, no shape to his body or hands, but he did have paws with which he held her by the throat

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4
Q

whos visitation from an angel was problematic to the catholic church

A

Elizabeth orton. 1580

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5
Q

when does darren Oldridge suggest that european thinkers began to dismiss such speculation as angels

A

18c.

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6
Q

what were protestant and cathoic views on angels

A

both accepted the reality of angels, viewing them as allies in pursuit of religious purity and the struggle against confessional opponents

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7
Q

difference between angels and demons

A

demons tend to vary in appearance. and behavior was harder to predict.

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8
Q

who wrote the really helpful purple book on angels

A

Laura Sangha - ‘Angels and Belief In England’

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9
Q

What does Sangha argue is the revisionist interpretation of angels

A

hangover form catholicism/ presistance of catholicism. stepping in to replace the saints as the ideologically appropriate friends of humanity’

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10
Q

who does L.S attribute to suggesting that angels were taking over the role of saints

A

D.Maculloch .. angels had the credentials to fill this emotional and spiritual void and their scriptural presence made them a potentially useful pastoral resource for the reformers

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11
Q

reformers and angels

A

there is evidence that angels were enthusiastically adopted by reformers eg. the had a very strong basis in scripture

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12
Q

Sangha’s argument regarding angels

A

Although angels as intercessors, and any practice or belief that might tend towards idolatry was rejected outright by the reformer, angels retained a significant pastoral role as the comforters and 0protectors of mankind

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13
Q

Two ways that angels could consolidate protestant orthodoxy

A
  • could be used to attack aspects of papastry

- support a more positive projection of the benefits of reformed angels

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14
Q

Sangha uses Alex walshams argument to explain what angels are

A

'’distinctly post reformation, but not thoroughly protestant’

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15
Q

two good primary sources for astrological belief

A
  • Napier and Formans medical Case books

- John Dee’s exploits

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16
Q

why were puritans esp. against astrology

A
  • popish implications
  • diabolical tinge
  • ‘the clergy also saw them as professional rivals’ Keith. Thomas
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17
Q

why did post reformation christianity and astrology come into frequent conflict?

A

-offered conflicting explanations for the same phenomen .. religion would say famines and earth quakes due to gods secret motives where as astrolger made subject to the movement of celestial bodies and therefore predictable by his art.

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18
Q

why was astrology seen as a threat … include calvin quote

A

as calvin said ‘it puts clouds before our eyes to drive us away from the providence of god’

  • suggested sdtars could control the soul
  • rendered prayer useless if everythign was written in the stars anyway
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19
Q

joseph balgrave competition quote

A

stronomer joseph Balgrave argued that the truth is, after the ministers had preached against me and my art, I had twice so much custom as I had before

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20
Q

puritans were most against astronomy

A

miniscent of popeish character and catholic confessional, zodiac signs for every part of body similar to catholic belief that there was a saint for every disease, astrological images and sigils paralleled charms worn by catholic laity .. actually medieval catholic laity who started on astrologers .. but not known by uneducated .. meant smear would have been useful

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21
Q

bernad Capp argument

A

Early forms of religion and Magic developed partly as attempts to explain the creation and operation of the world. . . their function was also, very often, to strengthens mans position in his struggle against the environment … astronomy was one of these practices

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22
Q

what were the two catagories that medieval astrology could be split into

A
  • natural: general character of planetary influences in fields of agriculture and medicine
  • judicial: attempt to interpret influences in order to make predictions and give advice
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23
Q

how did astrology attempt to conflate itself with the medieval religious system

A

astrologers taught that God was the first cause, and defined stars as secondary causes operating by divine permission.

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24
Q

what popes shared astrological interest

A

15c. sixtus IV (1471-84) had been noted for his astrological prowess

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25
Q

when does Bernard Capp suggest astronomy became popular in england

A

second half of the 16c. . . linked to Renaissance mathmathics and astrology

26
Q

why bernard capp suggest astrologer become more popular after reformation

A

After reformation most of clergy had to renounce the seemingly supernatural powers that had been attributed to them before the reformation, and it was natural for laymen to seek substitutes. The astrologer was a major beneficiary.

27
Q

according to Capp what could astrologers do ?

A
  • could not directly harness power of stars but could harness through elections and thereofre use to enhavce prospects
  • taught that stars offered the only deffence to witchcraft
  • faith in sigil, charm to preserve the favourable planatery influences and place them at the dispoals of the wearer
28
Q

Capp sigil quote

A

‘magic here clearly fused with astrology’

29
Q

B. Capp village astrology quote

A

“it is likely that at village level there was often little distinction between the astrologer and the magician or ‘cunning man’

30
Q

big contemp anxiety regarding moral freedom and astrology

A

f the stars determined human behavious, with a twinkling of a star there could be no place for moral responsibility.

31
Q

how does keith thomas describe magic

A

USES THE TERM MAGIC TO MEAN THE SUPERNATURAL PRACTICES THAT WERE BELIEVED, USED AND FOLLOWED THAT WERE DISTINCT FROM STANDARD PROTESTANT RELIGIOn

32
Q

how does robert scribner describe magic

A

THE EXERCISE OF A PRETERNATURAL CONTROL OVER NATURE BY HUMAN BEINGS

33
Q

define witchcraft

A

in the eyes of religion witchcraft was devil worship and a direct affront to god

34
Q

Scribner definition of religion

A

‘the recognition by human beings of a supernatural power on whom they are dependant, to who they show defence and are obligated’

35
Q

alex walsham definition of supernatural

A

A CONVENIENT SHORTHAND FOR THE BROAD CLUSTER OF PHENOMENA THAT HAVE BEEN DEEMED CASUALTIES OF THE ‘DISENCHANTMENT’ PROCESS AND IN ITS TECHNICAL SENSE TO DESIGNATE A THING OR EVENT THAT WAS ABOVE OR BEYOND THE REALM OF NATURe

36
Q

example of divine providence of gods wrath on a comunity fo its ‘vile and cankered life’

A
  • the Oteringham monster of 1595

- the parents were goof .. father = a honest man of good disposition … and mother ‘a woman of honest life’

37
Q

what was a devine providence warning to the whole of england

A

The Kentish monster of 1568

38
Q

The Kentish monster of 1568

A

he creature was to be read as a coded message about moral and political deformities, so that the gasping mouth challenged ravine and oppression, the gorging paunch attacked greed, the fingerless stumps set forth idleness, and the foot climbing to the head chastised subjects most vicious, that refuse to be lead

39
Q

1664 ‘Natures wonder?’ ballad quote

A 
Afflictions God doth sometimes send
to Parents for their sin,
When they will not their lives amend,
then doth the Lord begin
 With Judgments for to humble them,
and make them feel his hand;
40
Q

what is divine providence

A

n theology, divine providence, or just providence, is God’s intervention in the world.

41
Q

whos book is ‘travesty and transgressions that deals alot with

A

David Cressy

42
Q

alexandra walsham on providence

A

Providence is an element of belief that operate at through all levels of society -From high class to popular ephemeral print -belief that God actively intervened in human affairs to punish, reward, warn, try, and chastise.

43
Q

providence and puritans

A

belived very much in it

44
Q

what is Thomas Beard’s book on providence called

A

‘The theatre of gods judgment’

45
Q

who wrote Dr. faustus

A

Christopher Marlowe

46
Q

when was dr. faustus written

A

1594

47
Q

how can we tell that dr faustsus was popular

A

because it was published for personal reading in 1604

48
Q

what notions does dr faustus touch on

A

predestination

magic and its inherent links to the devil

49
Q

keith Thomas Main argument in ‘religion and he decline of magic’

A

argues that magic did not decline straight after the reformation, taled of nearrer the end of the 17c.

50
Q

Robert Scribner on magic ‘the reformation, popular magic and the disenchantment of the world’

A
  • people believed that the sacred could, and was there to, magically help them with the demands of the human condition
  • the reformation destroyed the basis through which this supernatural magic could be directly provided and distributed by individuals involved with accepted religion
  • However this DID NOT LEAD TO a de-sacralisation of the world in fact it had the opposite effect
51
Q

robert scribner reformation world quote

A

‘the world of luther and the reformation was a world of highly charged sacrality, in which all secular events, social, political, could have cosmic significance’

52
Q

scribner outcomes of there no longer being any official forms of ‘magic’

A

people resorted back to catholic means of protection, whereas others moved on to other forms of popular magic.

53
Q

max webers initial 1904 argument about ‘the disenchantment of the world ‘

A

reformation , led to scientific understanding and rational , which in turn led to decline in the belief of magic

54
Q

alex W. argues it got no less magical . what does she highlight

A

-gods intervention eg. floods fires ect.

Parts of protestant religion still full of popular belief and supernatural happenings

55
Q

what does walsham say protestants did deny

A

hat miracles could occur at the behest of human beings

56
Q

Walsham scribner worl quote

A

“The world thus remained what Scribner called a ‘ moralized universe ‘ and one, moreover, that continued to be populated by angels and demons”

57
Q

Parts of protestant religion walsham argues were still full of popular belief and supernatural happenings

A

-Lord actively infused miraculous grace into the conscience of the true believer.
-elect looking for assurance , signs in porridge bowl
-fervent protestants reading or hearing word of god could be near sacramental or mystical experience
-monarchs could still heal scroffula
ervent protestants reading or hearing word of god could be near sacramental or mystical experience
-Holy days replaced with other celebratory days, celebrating divine intervention e. guyfawkes
-pligrimiges replaced with refreshment and relaxation purposes

58
Q

good primary sources for witchcraft

A 
daemonologie 
witch bottle 
macbeth
knole witch marks 
reginald scott 'discovery of witches' 
Dr Faustus
59
Q

when was demonologie written and by who

A

james I 1597, it endorses the practice of witch hunting

60
Q

who has recipie for witch bottle

A

joseph balgrave

61
Q

what is reginald scots argument in ‘discovery of witchcraft’ ?

A

that witches and magic are not real. people mistake coincidence for magic

62
Q

impportance of cursing as continuation

A

catholic church could bewtow gods curse to sanction undesierable behaviour .. after ref church could not do this . pro saw this as man controling will of god. however belief that people could do harm through words still lingered

Elizabethan Religion (5 decks)

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