Puritan Threat Flashcards
Who was the founder of the Puritan religion?
John Calvin
English Protestants who took refuge in Geneva while Mary Tudor reigned received what?
Radicalised views which Calvin influenced- and in 1588 when Elizabeth took the throne they returned to England
What did puritans want to do regarding churches?
Rid all churches of catholic associations- hence why they were so critical of ‘via media’
What sort of worship did puritans believe in?
Purer and simpler worship
Why did puritans flee to Geneva when Mary Tudor took to the throne?
Avoid persecution
What did puritans want ritual to focus on ?
The teachings of scriptures
What did puritans believe?
They should lead their lives according to the scriptures
What were puritans against?
Practices not referred to in the bible
Eg. Giving of rig during marriage, ornaments and stain glass windows, making a cross during baptism
What did puritans avoid?
Playing games, gambling, theatre, swearing and dancing
They were believed to be the work of the devil hence sinful
What were moderate Protestants?
Those who reluctantly accepted the religious settlement but continued to call for further reform- to purify the church
What were Presbyterians ?
Presbyterians wanted further reform and called for the abolition of bishops and each church to be run by a committee of Presbyterians elected by those who attended
What where separatists also known as?
Brownists
Who were separatists/brownists?
Wanted to break away from the National church, and wanted each church to be independent and solve its own affairs on a parish by parish basis
Why did puritans oppose the role of bishops?
Argued the invention of the pope was to maintain power over the church and bishops were not mentioned in the bible
How did most bishops view Puritan beliefs?
A direct threat to the crown and the unity of the country
What did a few bishops agree to?
Accepted a position to reform the church from within
When was the vestment controversy?
1566
What was the vestment controversy?
In 1566 Puritan priests refused to wear vestments due to the similarity of catholic clothing.
How many priests were punished as a result of the vestment controversy ?
37 priests were persecuted for the refusal
What did Thomas Cartwright do?
In 1570 he directly challenged the religious settlement and he wanted to introduce a Presbyterian church
What happened to Thomas Cartwright as a result of this?
He was fired from his job and forced to leave the country
What did John Stubbs do in 1579?
Wrote a pamphlet critiquing Elizabeth’s marital saw and the conversations she’d been having with the Duke of Anjou.
What happened to John Stubbs as a result?
He was charged for seditious writing
His hand was chopped off
Imprisoned for 18 months
When did the Marprelate Tracts happen?
1588-1589
What were the Marprelate Tracts?
An anonymous series of pamphlets that bitterly attacked churches and bishops
They were very offensive
What did Walter Strickland do in 1571?
Proposed a bill for the introduction of the ‘Book of Common Prayer’
What 3 things happened after Strickland proposed the bill in 1571?
He was prevented from attending the House of Commons
Parliament was closed so the idea could not be discussed
To enforce conformity 39 Articles had to be accepted by every clergyman in order for him to keep his job.
What did Field and Wilcox do in 1572?
Published books which argued that the Presbyterian church structure was laid out in the bible
What happened to Field and Wilcox in 1572?
They were arrested and imprisoned for a year for breaking the Act of Uniformity
What did Wentworth do in 1576?
Complained in the House of Commons about the lack of freedom of speech and how MPs weren’t allowed to discuss what they wanted
What happened after Wentworth complained?
Imprisoned in the Tower of London for a month and the House of Commons was ordered not to talk about religion unless permitted
What did Turner do in 1584?
Proposed a bill to copy Calvins system of church governance
What happened to Turners bill in 1584?
It failed to gain support then was forcefully attacked in a speech made by Christopher Hatton (who hated Puritans)
What did Cope do in 1586\87?
Proposed a bill to introduce a Presbyterian church system
Which called for the abolition of bishops and replacement of the ‘Book of Common Prayer’ which the ‘Geneva Prayer book of John Calvin’
Who supported Cope in 1586?
Wentworth as he agreed with the right to speak of religious matters
What happened to Cope and Wentworth?
They were imprisoned into the Tower of London for a few months while parliament was closed down.
Who did John Whitgift replace?
Edmund Grindal as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1583
Who was John Whitgift?
A member of the Privy a council
Archbishop of Canterbury after Grindal in 1583
What did John Whitgift introduce?
He issues the ‘three articles’ which demanded all clergy to accept the religious settlement
