Punishments Flashcards
Trials Middle Ages
Hot iron- if hands festered after hot iron they were guilty
Hot water- if hands festered after boiling water they were guilty
Cold water- if floated they were guilty
Blessed bread- if chocked on bread they were guilty
Wergild Middle Ages
Compensation payed to victims family
Corporal punishment Middle Ages
Whipping - used for beggars
Stocks and pillory- punish for minor crimes, drunkenness, swearing
Mutikation- for regular offenders, beggars branded
HARSH
Execution early modern
Murder, treason, arson, hanging
Heretics burned
Treason resulted in hung drawn and quartered
Guy Fawkes early modern
Hung drawn and quartered for trying to blow up parliament
Bloody code early modern
Minor crimes like stealing sheep resulted in death
Public executions attracted large crowds
225 crimes punishable by death
Transportation industrial
Convicts sent to British colonies in North America and West Indies
Between 1717 and 1776 30,000 prisoners sent away
Around 2,000 convicts a year
Harsh conditions in penal colony
Prisoners sent to work in chain gangs
Hulks industrial
Emergency prisons
Overcrowded and poor conditions
Outbreaks of violence
Prison reform industrial
End of transportation caused people to seek reform of terrible prison conditions
John Howard prison reform industrial
Carried out prison survey
Found people were not separated based on types of crime
People died from jail fever
He wanted criminals to be reformed
Paul prison reform industrial
New county jail designed for security, health and separation
Elizabeth fry industrial
Devout Christian
Horrified at conditions of prisons especially for women
Formed the association for improvement of women prisoners in Newgate
The separate system
Kept in individual cells to work
Only left cells for religious services or exercise, had to wear masks
Put to work making boots, mail bags, clothes
By 1850s 50 prisons used the system
The silent system
Life made as unpleasant as possible
Prisoners could work eat and exercise together
Work was pointless and boring, cranks, treadwheel
Aim was to make prisoners hate the system and not reoffend
Silent and separate system fails
Failed to lower reoffending rate, high suicide rate
People called for further reform
Borstals modern
15-21 yrs old
Designed for education over punishment
Corporal punishment abolished in 1962
Borstals abolished in 1982- high reoffending rates
Young offenders institutions modern
Reform violent offenders 18-21
For those up to 17, secure training centres to focus on reform and education
Open prisons modern
Started after WW2
Housed non violent prisoners with low escape risk
Probation modern
Offenders follow a set of orders and keep in touch with officer
Attend courses
Suspended prison sentences modern
Offenders don’t go to prison unless they commit another offence during period of suspension
Parole modern
Prisoners released before end of sentence for good behaviour
Follow orders like probation
Community service modern
Offenders do a number of hours of unpaid work for the community
Removing graffiti or gardening
Electronic tagging modern
Offenders given limits of where they can go
