Punishments

Question 1

Trials Middle Ages

Answer 1

Hot iron- if hands festered after hot iron they were guilty
Hot water- if hands festered after boiling water they were guilty
Cold water- if floated they were guilty
Blessed bread- if chocked on bread they were guilty

Question 2

Wergild Middle Ages

Answer 2

Compensation payed to victims family

Question 3

Corporal punishment Middle Ages

Answer 3

Whipping - used for beggars
Stocks and pillory- punish for minor crimes, drunkenness, swearing
Mutikation- for regular offenders, beggars branded
HARSH

Question 4

Execution early modern

Answer 4

Murder, treason, arson, hanging
Heretics burned
Treason resulted in hung drawn and quartered

Question 5

Guy Fawkes early modern

Answer 5

Hung drawn and quartered for trying to blow up parliament

Question 6

Bloody code early modern

Answer 6

Minor crimes like stealing sheep resulted in death
Public executions attracted large crowds
225 crimes punishable by death

Question 7

Transportation industrial

Answer 7

Convicts sent to British colonies in North America and West Indies
Between 1717 and 1776 30,000 prisoners sent away
Around 2,000 convicts a year
Harsh conditions in penal colony
Prisoners sent to work in chain gangs

Question 8

Hulks industrial

Answer 8

Emergency prisons
Overcrowded and poor conditions
Outbreaks of violence

Question 9

Prison reform industrial

Answer 9

End of transportation caused people to seek reform of terrible prison conditions

Question 10

John Howard prison reform industrial

Answer 10

Carried out prison survey
Found people were not separated based on types of crime
People died from jail fever
He wanted criminals to be reformed

Question 11

Paul prison reform industrial

Answer 11

New county jail designed for security, health and separation

Question 12

Elizabeth fry industrial

Answer 12

Devout Christian
Horrified at conditions of prisons especially for women
Formed the association for improvement of women prisoners in Newgate

Question 13

The separate system

Answer 13

Kept in individual cells to work
Only left cells for religious services or exercise, had to wear masks
Put to work making boots, mail bags, clothes
By 1850s 50 prisons used the system

Question 14

The silent system

Answer 14

Life made as unpleasant as possible
Prisoners could work eat and exercise together
Work was pointless and boring, cranks, treadwheel
Aim was to make prisoners hate the system and not reoffend

Question 15

Silent and separate system fails

Answer 15

Failed to lower reoffending rate, high suicide rate
People called for further reform

Question 16

Borstals modern

Answer 16

15-21 yrs old
Designed for education over punishment
Corporal punishment abolished in 1962
Borstals abolished in 1982- high reoffending rates

Question 17

Young offenders institutions modern

Answer 17

Reform violent offenders 18-21
For those up to 17, secure training centres to focus on reform and education

Question 18

Open prisons modern

Answer 18

Started after WW2
Housed non violent prisoners with low escape risk

Question 19

Probation modern

Answer 19

Offenders follow a set of orders and keep in touch with officer
Attend courses

Question 20

Suspended prison sentences modern

Answer 20

Offenders don’t go to prison unless they commit another offence during period of suspension

Question 21

Parole modern

Answer 21

Prisoners released before end of sentence for good behaviour
Follow orders like probation

Question 22

Community service modern

Answer 22

Offenders do a number of hours of unpaid work for the community
Removing graffiti or gardening

Question 23

Electronic tagging modern

Answer 23

Offenders given limits of where they can go