Policing And Combatting Crime Flashcards
Community and family responsibilities Middle Ages
Tithings- if someone broke the law, the others would have to bring him in
Hue and cry- everyone would help catch the criminal
Armed posse- sheriffs would help track down the criminal
Manor courts Middle Ages
Took over the work of local courts
Judged petty crimes like theft
Each manor had its own laws
Church courts Middle Ages
Churchmen who committed a crime
Adultery or drunkenness
More lenient
Bishop decided sentence, never death
Royal courts
Most serious crimes
Royal judges visited each county 2-3 times a year
Called county assizes, lasted till 1971
Jps early modern
Oversee and organise local parish constables and watchmen
Monitor and control beggars and vagrants
Enforce government orders and punish disobedience
Parish constables and watchmen early modern
Parish- keep order, arrest people who broke the law
Watchman- patrolled at night, carried bell and lantern
Charleys early modern
First payed role, low pay
Opposition to police industrial
People believed it would limit freedom and liberty
Gave police too much power
Expensive, taxes rise
Bow street runner industrial
Fielding brothers
Henry appointed chief magistrate of bow street
Appointed 6 paid trained officers
Showed gov how to deal with crime effectively
Preventative policing- prevent the crime from happening
Quarterly pursuit newspaper
Met police industrial
Established in 1829 by Robert peel
MPs became convinced that a payed police force was needed
Peelers/ bobbies
17 districts with 144 constables
Must read and write
Wore uniform, carried truncheon and rattle
Police acts industrial
Municipal corporations act- allowed police forces to be set up in larger towns
Rural police act- police forces set up in rural areas
County borough police act industrial
Compulsory for police force to be set up in every county
Jps replaced by police
Number of police forces modern
In 1900 nearly 200 separate police forces
Reduced to 43 in 2000, more cost effective
Police training modern
Police training introduced 1900
Women in police force modern
First women appointed in 1919
From 1973 female officers could be detectives
Police and community modern
Neighbourhood watch helped people in the community prevent crime, 10 million people
Police community support officers helped tackle minor crime and antisocial behaviour
Crime prevention schemes give advice on personal safety
Forensic science modern
Fingerprints- set up in 1995
Scenes of crime officers- examine and gather forensic evidence
Tithings Middle Ages
Groups of 10 the grouped into 100
Responsible for policing their area
Raised hue and cry
Shires Middle Ages
Divided into shires
Sheriff responsible for public order
Raised a posse
Effectiveness of JPs early modern
Local landowners
Effective at Maintaining law and order
Vital service of punishing offenders
Effective at ensuring acts of parliament are enforced
High workload
Un payed roles early modern
Parish constables
Town watchman
No uniform or weapon
Few could afford the time
Theif takers industrial
Captured criminals and claimed reward
Johnathon wild ‘theif taker general’
Often corrupt
Communication and tech modern
Radio used in 1910s
Police fitted with cameras
Computer tech helped with dna
Specialisation of police force modern
CID- plain clothed detectives
Anti-terrorism branch
Fraud squad
