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distribution 1 > pumps and motors > Flashcards

pumps and motors Flashcards

Distribution 1

1
Q

stores energy and consists of a pair of metallic plates that are separated by an insulating material called a dielectric

A

Capacitor

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2
Q

condition that occurs when pumps are run too fast or water is forced to change directions quickly-can cause pitting of the impeller and reduce pump efficiency

A

Cavitation

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3
Q

theoretical angular velocity that excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft

A

Critical speed

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4
Q

used to measure the average power of a load over a specific time interval as well as recording the peak power consumption during the period

A

demand meter

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5
Q

used on large equipment to check whether all the current entering a system comes out of the system-will shut down a system that is losing current as a safety precaution

A

differential relay

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6
Q

used when power is generated locally to respond to changes in the frequency of an AC power supply-also used on synchronous motor starters to sense when the motor has reached synchronizing speed

A

frequency relay

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7
Q

amount of energy in feet required to overcome resistance to flow in a pipe

A

friction head

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8
Q

energy possessed by water in a hydraulic system measured in feet

A

head

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9
Q

the study of fluids in motion

A

hydraulics

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10
Q

rotating set of vanes that forces water through a pump

-heart of the pump

A

impeller

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11
Q

prevent air leakage along the pump shaft when it is operating under suction lift conditions-also called a seal cage

A

lantern ring

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12
Q

seal placed on pump shaft to prevent water from leaking out along the shaft-also prevents air from entering the pump

A

mechanical seal

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13
Q

rings of graphite impregnated cotton, flax, or synthetic materials used to control pump shaft or valve stem leakage

A

packing

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14
Q

a follower ring that compresses the packing placed in the stuffing box

A

packing gland

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15
Q

two or more pumps whose discharges are entering a common pipe to increase volumetric flow rate

A

parallel operation

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16
Q

measure of the amount of energy in water due to water pressure

A

pressure head

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17
Q

amount of energy in feet that a pump supplies to a fluid

A

pump head

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18
Q

a condition where a pump is subject to frequent on/off cycling due to pressure surges that effect the pump controller

A

racking

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19
Q

a load acting at a right angle to the shaft

A

radial load

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20
Q

a piece of electrical equipment that changes alternating current to direct current by allowing the electric current to flow in one direction but blocking flow in the opposite direction

A

rectifier

21
Q

one pump discharging into the suction line of another pump to increase the overall discharge head

A

series operation

22
Q

recirculation within a centrifugal pump casing around the impeller due to a blockage of the pump discharge

A

slip

23
Q

houses the packing and lantern ring in a centrifugal pump

A

stuffing box

24
Q

a load that acts parallel to the axis of rotation

A

thrust load

25
Q

an overcurrent protection device placed on each phase of a power supply to open up a control circuit and stop a motor, if the current becomes excessive

A

thermal overload relay

26
Q

electrical device used to detect power loss and initiate an automatic switchover to another power supply

A

voltage relay

27
Q

rings made of brass or bronze placed on the impeller and/or casing of a centrifugal pump to separate the suction side of the pump from the discharge side

A

wear ring

28
Q

uses an impeller or propeller to accelerate water to a high velocity within the pump casing-high velocity (low pressure) converted to high pressure (low velocity) as casing volume increases

A

velocity pumps

29
Q

most commonly used pumps in water systems-water thrown outward from the center of the impeller and into the volute or diffusers
-velocity is converted to pressure

A

radial flow pump

30
Q

referred to as a propeller pump-no volute or diffuser vanes

  • propeller shaped impeller increases head by lifting action of the blades
  • water moves parallel to the pump shaft
  • pump can move large volumes of water but adds little head
  • shaft rotates between 9000 and 15000 rpm
A

axial flow pump

31
Q
  • combination of radial flow and axial flow pumps
  • impeller is shaped so centrifugal force will impart some radial force
  • used where water contains a high solids concentration
A

mixed flow pump

32
Q

most commonly used volute-type pump

  • can achieve various flows and pressures
  • can develop as much as 250ft of head per stage
  • efficiency between 75%-85%
  • inexpensive and little maintenance
A

centrifugal pump

33
Q
  • impeller rotates within a channel of constant cross-sectional area
  • flow velocity is converted to pressure by a diffuser guide vanes
  • most efficient of all velocity pumps and generates the highest head
  • efficiency between 90%-95%
  • expensive and difficult to maintain
A

vertical turbine pump

34
Q

vertical turbine pump with very long pipe column housings and drive shafts

  • drive unit remains above ground
  • piping, shaft sections, and multiple stages are lowered into the ground
A

deep-well pump

35
Q

multistage mixed flow centrifugal pumps or turbine pumps with a close-connected motor
-designed to operate completely under water

A

submersible pump

36
Q

referred to as a “can pump”

-motor and pump usually close-coupled and pump draws suction on water collection sump

A

booster pump

37
Q

used for metering treatment chemicals into the system

-deliver a fixed volume of liquid for every stroke or revolution regardless of discharge pressure

A

positive-displacement pump

38
Q

piston moves in and out of a cylinder and liquid is discharged through check valves
-creates a pulse in discharge minimized by use of multiple cylinders or pulsation dampeners

A

reciprocating pump

39
Q

use closely meshed vanes, gears or lobes rotating within a tight chamber to move liquid

A

rotary pump

40
Q

uses a flexible diaphragm to vary the size of a chamber

-check valves allow flow in and out with each stroke of the drive unit

A

diaphragm pump

41
Q

what are the three types of single phase motors?

A

1) split phase motor
2) repulsion-induction motor
3) capacitor-start motor

42
Q

draws high current when starting and has low starting torque

A

split phase motor

43
Q

draws a lot of current on start up

A

repulsion-induction motor

44
Q

high starting torque and starting current

-good when needed to be brought up to speed quickly and not cycled on and off

A

capacitor-start motor

45
Q

What are the classifications for three phase motors?

A

1) squirrel cage induction motor
2) synchronous motor
3) wound rotor induction motor

46
Q

simplest type of all AC motors

  • current flowing through stator winding establishes a magnetic field which induces a voltage in the rotor windings-causes motor to turn
  • can be used for high starting torque without special starting circuitry applications
A

squirrel cage induction motor

47
Q

used in applications requiring constant motor speed

-rotating magnetic field rotates as a synchronous speed

A

synchronous motor

48
Q

easy to start, variable speed options and low starting current

  • motor is similar to squirrel cage induction motor
  • uses variable frequency drives to control speed
A

wound rotor induction motor

distribution 1 (7 decks)

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