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Engineer Exam > Pump Manual - Properties of Water > Flashcards

Pump Manual - Properties of Water Flashcards

1
Q

Cubic inches in 1 gal

A

231

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2
Q

cubic inches in a cubic ft

A

1,728

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3
Q

Weight of 1 cubic foot of water

A

62.4 lbs

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4
Q

Gallons in 1 cubic foot

A

7.48

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5
Q

Weight of 1 gal

A

8.34 lbs

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6
Q

PSI in 1 ft column of water

A

0.434 PSI at base

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7
Q

1 PSI will raise a column of water how high?

A

2.304 ft ( = 1 / 0.434 )

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8
Q

Parallel hose lines reduce friction loss by what %?

A

75%

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9
Q

One gal water absorbs how many BTUs?

A

9,343

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10
Q

Heat need to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F?

A

1 BTU

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11
Q

Heat to vaporize 1lb of water at 212 degrees

A

971 BTU

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12
Q

Heat to vaporize 1 gal of water at 212 F?

A

8,080 BTU

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13
Q

1 cubic foot of water expands to how many of steam at 212 degrees?

A

1700 cubic feet

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14
Q

1 gal water expands to how many cubic feet of steam at 212?

A

227

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15
Q

1 gal will absorb all of the heat that can be produced with available oxygen in how many cubic ft of air?

A

200

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16
Q

“Reasonable Efficiency” (80%) - how many BTUs are absorbed per gal of water with this assumption?

A

7,474 BTUs

17
Q

Iowa Formula - what is it?

A

Estimates GPM needed to control a fire in a specific area

GPM = cubic feet involved / 100

18
Q

Two formulas needed when estimating water for fire attack

A

Needed fire flow (NFF)

Total water needed for extinguishment

19
Q

Needed Fire Flow (NFF)

A

NFF = [ (length x width) / 3 ] x % involvement

20
Q

Total Water Needed for extinguishment (formula)

A

Total Water Needed = (Area x FLD x BTU) / 9,343

FLD = 4.3 lbs/ft (constant)

BTU/pound = 16,000 (constant)

So…

Total Water Needed = (Area x 4.3 x 16,000) / 9,343

21
Q

Principles of Water Pressure #1

A

Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts

22
Q

Principles of water pressure #2

A

When a fluid is at rest, fluid pressure is the same in all directions

pg 10

23
Q

Principles of Water Pressure #3

A

When there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is equal increase at every other point in the container (Pascal’s law)

pg 10

24
Q

Principles of water pressure #4

A

The downward pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth

pg 10

25
Q

Principles of water pressure #5

A

The downward pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the liquid density

(e.g. mercury is 13.55 times as heavy as water and exerts more downward pressure)

pg 11

26
Q

Principles of Water Pressure #6

A

The downward pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is not affected by the shape of the container

pg 11

27
Q

7 types of pressure: Atmospheric

A

Pressure exerted on surface of earth by weight of air

  • 14.7 PSI at sea level (decreases w/ increase in elevation; 1 PSI of atmosphere will raise a column of water 2.31 ft)
  • Feet of water 33.9ft theoretical lift (14.7 psi x 2.31ft = 33.9)
    - good pumper max lift = 22-25ft
    - dependable lift = 14.7ft
  • Hg = 30 inches (inches of mg in vacuum gauges) – pumpers in good condition can create vacuum of 22” mg
    - 1” mg on the pump vacuum gauge = 1.13 ft column of water can be lifted (1.13 x 22 = 25ft max lift)

pg 12

28
Q

7 types of pressure: Elevation Pressure

A

0.434 psi / ft

or

5 psi / floor

pg 12

29
Q

7 types of pressure: flow pressure

A

measurement of water coming from a discharge opening (reading on pressure gauge)

pg 12

30
Q

7 types of pressure: head pressure

A

refers to the height of a water supply above the discharge

Convert feet to head by dividing feet by 2.304

1 / 0.434 = 2.304

pg 12

31
Q

7 types of pressure: normal operating pressure

A

Pressure in a water system during normal consumption demands; once water starts flowing we no longer have static pressure. Difference between static pressure and NOP is friction loss

pg 12

32
Q

7 types of pressure: Residual pressure

A

Pressure remaining in the system after water is flowing (used to estimate additional flow capacity)

pg 12

33
Q

7 types of pressure: static pressure

A

pressure when water is not flowing; this is the pressure you read on the fire pump when no discharges are open

pg 12.

34
Q

10/15/25 rule

A

10% drop from initial residual compound reading = additional 3x the current GPM flow
15% drop = additional 2x the current GPM flow
25% drop = additional 1x the current GPM flow

pg 13

Engineer Exam (11 decks)

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