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DMS 200 Ultrasound Physics > Pulse > Flashcards

Pulse Flashcards

1
Q

To place an echo on the screen (B mode), the U/S machine needs to know…

A
  1. direction of sound entering patient
  2. propagation speed
  3. time to reflector
  4. distance to reflector
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2
Q

What does the U/S machine need to know to adjust echo brightness on the screen?

A

strength of the reflector

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3
Q

4 characteristics of a pulse?

A
  1. short burst of sound energy
  2. a collection of a number of cycles
  3. cycles travel together
  4. each pulse has a beginning, middle, & end
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4
Q

What is pulse repetition frequency (PRF)?

A

the number of pulses in a second

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5
Q

2 reasons there are limits to PRF

A
  1. echoes must return to machine before another pulse is sent out
  2. depth will increase the time it takes for echo to return
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6
Q

PRF is set by…

A

source

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7
Q

What is PRF influenced by?

A

frequency, damping, depth

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8
Q

How can PRF be adjusted by the sonographer?

A

by adjusting depth

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9
Q

What is pulse repetition period (PRP)?

A

the time it takes from the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse

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10
Q

Components of PRP

A

pulse duration, idle time, period

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11
Q

What is the relationship between PRF & PRP?

A

inversely related & reciprocals

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12
Q

Frequency sets the ____ of the pulse

A

period

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13
Q

What is the pulse duration?

A

time it takes for one pulse to occur – start of one pulse to the start of the end of the pulse

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14
Q

What determines the number of cycles in the pulse?

A

damping layer

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15
Q

Are the number of cycles in the pulse user adjustable?

A

no

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16
Q

Does increased damping lead to more or less cycles in the pulse?

17
Q

Idle time is set by the…

A

depth of an image

18
Q

Is idle time user adjustable?

19
Q

What is duty factor?

A

the percentage of time the machine is on & working

20
Q

What is the spatial pulse length (SPL)?

A

the distance a pulse takes up in space

21
Q

Does SPL affect axial or lateral resolution?

22
Q

Will a pulse that propagates through muscle have an SPL that is shorter or longer than normal?

A

longer (faster speeds = longer pulse lengths)

23
Q

What is pulsed ultrasound?

A

Collection of cycles that travel together

24
Q

2 components of ultrasound

A
  1. Transmission
  2. Reception
25
Q

How many cycles does a pulse typically have in clinical imaging?

A

2 to 4 cycles

DMS 200 Ultrasound Physics (7 decks)

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