Pulpal Anatomy Flashcards
Root morphology and surrounding structures determine _____ for teeth
support
the tissues that surround the teeth
Periodontium
Periodontium include what 4 things?
Gingiva, Cementum, Periodontal ligament, and Alveolar bone
_____Covers the bone and surrounds the cervical portions of teeth; It is the visible part of the periodontium evaluated through oral examination
gingiva
most incisal unattached portion; surrounds tooth to form a collar of tissue with a space or sulcus
Free gingiva
separates attached gingiva from free gingiva
Free gingival groove
zone of gray to light or coral pink keratinized masticatory mucosa that is firmly bound to underlying bone•Extends between free gingiva and alveolar mucosa
Attached gingiva
junction between attached gingiva and the looser, alveolar mucosa
Mucogingival junction
movable, dark pink to red tissue apical to the mucogingival junction
Alveolar mucosa:
Space between tooth surface and narrow cervical collar of free gingiva; not seen visually, but can be evaluated with a periodontal probe
Gingival sulcus
covers roots of teeth
Cementum
forms and supports tooth sockets
Alveolar bone: (aka alveolar process)
Surrounds tooth root and attaches tooth to alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament
Soft tissue component of tooth that occupies the internal cavity of the tooth
Pulp
T/F: The outline of the pulp cavity follows the external outline of tooth
True
The pulp cavity can be divided into ____ and ____
pulp chamber and pulp canals
Function of dentin: Pulp cells form dentin
Formative
Function of dentin: Blood supply to tooth
Nutritive
Function of dentin: Nerve supply to tooth
Sensory
Function of dentin: Forms reparative dentin in response to mechanical, thermal, chemical and bacterial insults
Defensive
Has roof with projections called pulp horns
Pulp chamber
Extends from floor of pulp chamber to apical foramen
Root/pulp canal
Opening of the canal located at/near root apex
Apical foramen
May be present; small branches of pulp canals branching off the main canal
Accessory canals
The ____ of pulp chamber is Determined by contour of crown•Follows size and number of cusps
Shape
The ____ of pulp chamber is affected by Age: decreases with age•Caries: reduces size•Trauma: if severe, may cause complete obliteration of pulp space
Size
How many roots does max central have?
1
Apex of root of max central lies ____ to the long axis of tooth
distal
How many pulp horns does max central?
3
Crown and root are wider ____ (M-D or F-L) (max central)
M-D
Which wall of root is longer on max central?
Mesial
What is the shape of max central from incisal view?
Triangular
Root of max lateral tapers which way?
Distally
How many pulp horns does max lateral have?
2
MAx canine is a ____ tooth : Mandibular canine slides along lingual surface of the maxillary canine and guides the mandible
Guiding tooth
How many pulp horns does max canine have?
1
Cusp tip of max canine is ___ to the line bisecting root
labial
Root of _______ Oval in cross section with mesial and distal developmental depressions; More pronounced on distal
max canine
___ is broadest single rooted tooth F-L
max canine
Which tooth IS THE ANTERIOR TOOTH least LIKELY TO HAVE A BIFURCATED ROOT
max canine
Mand central has development depression on which aspect? M or D
Both
Which development depression of mand central is more pronounced?
Distal
How many pulp canals does mand central have?
1
Mand lateral has a deep depression on which aspect? M or D
Distal
Mand lateral usually has ____ pulp canals
1
Which root is larger? Mand lateral or central
Lateral
THIS IS THE ANTERIOR TOOTH MOST LIKELY TO HAVE A BIFURCATED ROOT
mand canine
•Inflammatory condition altering gingival tissues•Clinical changes evaluated as indicators of gingival health vs. disease
Gingivitis:
____ gingivitis: slight redness, rolled margins, smooth and shiny surface texture, loss of resiliency
Mild
_____ gingivitis: changes more pronounced and some bleeding with probing
Moderate/Severe
Slow progress, loss of attachment and underlying bone with increased pocket depths; May have times of rapid attachment loss followed by periods of inactivity; Local factors like restorative overhangs, food impaction, open contacts are contributory
Periodontitis
Loss of gingival tissue (with underlying bone loss) resulting in exposure of root surface; Gingival margin is apical to cementoenamel junction; Papillae may be blunted or rounded; May be part of active perio disease or previous disease now under control
Gingival recession
Poorly aligned teeth; Lack of attached gingiva; Aggressive tooth brushing are all contributing conditions to _____
gingival recession
the branching point on a multi-rooted tooth
Furcation
With advanced perio disease, attachment loss and bone loss may reach a furcation area resulting in _____
furcation involvement
Furcation of 1st max PM examined from ____ and ____ surfaces apical to contact area
mesial and distal
How many roots does max 1st PM?
2
How many pulp canals does max 1st PM?
2
Furcation of 1st max PM is common & when present occurs _____ of the way down the length of the root, but may occur at a higher level in someLong root trunk
1/2 to 2/3
Where is the deep development groove on 1st max PM?
Mesial
Most 2nd max PM have how many roots?
1
Most 2nd max PM have how many canals?
1
Most 2nd max PM have how many pulp horns?
2
How many roots does 1st max molar have?
3
How many pulp horns does 1st max molar have?
4 or 5
How many pulp canals does 1st max molar have
4
Which pulp horn of 1st max molar is most at risk of exposure during procedures?
MB
Which 3 canals in 1st max molar form a triangle?
MB, DB, and L
Which root has 2 canals on 1st max molar?
MB
(1st max molar) The accessory MB canal lies _____ to the MB canal on the line drawn between the MB and the L canal
lingual
How many roots does 2nd max molar have?
3
Which roots are closer together, more distally inclined, and straighter? 1st or 2nd max molar?
2nd max molar
How many pulp canals does 2nd max molar have?
3
The pulp chamber appears more triangular in shape with the apex at the lingual root in 1st or 2nd max molar?
2nd max molar
How many pulp canals does 1st mand PM have?
1
How many pulp horns does 1st mand PM have?
2
Which pulp horn is more prominent in 1st mand PM?
Buccal
Which pulp horn is at risk during cavity prep in 1st mand PM?
Buccal
This is the premolar most likely to have one pulp horn
1st mand PM
How many pulp horns are in 2nd mand PM?
3 (1 buccal and 2 lingual)
How many roots for 1st mand molar?
2
How many canals in mesial root of 1st and 2nd mand molar?
2
How many canals in distal root of 1st and 2nd mand molar?
1
____ of tooth calcification is completed when tooth erupts into oral cavity
50%
In a (what teeth) _____ the pulp canals usually join the chamber at a level apical to the CEJ
molar
