Pulmonology

Question 1

What is bronchiectasis?

Answer 1

permanent and irreversible dilation of the airways

Question 2

What is the mc cause of bronchiectasis in US?

Answer 2

cystic fibrosis

Question 3

What organism is the mc cause in cystic fibrosis for bronchiectasis?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 4

What organism is the mc cause in bronchiectasis?

Answer 4

H. influenza

Question 5

Symptoms in bronchiectasis?

Answer 5

persistent productive cough w/ thick sputum

hemoptysis

Question 6

IOC in bronchiectasis?

Answer 6

high resolution CT

Question 7

Uniques characteritics seen in bronchiectasis?

Answer 7

tram-track

signet ring sign

Question 8

Gold standard dx of bronchiectasis?

Answer 8

pulmonary function test

Question 9

Txt bronchiectasis?

Answer 9

chest physiotherapy, antibiotics (macrolides)

Question 10

Mc site of carcinoid tumor

Answer 10

GI tract

lung

Question 11

5 unique characteristics of carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 11

Diarrhea
Flushing
Tachycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Hemodynamic instability

Question 12

Txt for carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 12

surgical excision

Question 13

How is a carcinoid tumor usually found?

Answer 13

endoscopy incidental finding

Question 14

3 Risk factor for Sarcoidosis?

Answer 14

Female, African American, Northern European

Question 15

What two organ systems are mc in sarcoidosis?

Answer 15

pulmonary, skin

Question 16

What is a most specific finding in sarcoidosis?

Answer 16

lupus pernio

Question 17

What is a classic finding in sarcoidosis?

Answer 17

erythema nodosum

Question 18

What is the best initial test in sarcoidosis?

Answer 18

chest xray

Question 19

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is classic for what?

Answer 19

Sarcoidosis

Question 20

What is found on tissue biopsy for sarcoidosis?

Answer 20

noncaseating granulomas

Question 21

Txt for asymptomatic sarcoidosis?

Answer 21

observation (remission within 2yrs w/o txt)

Question 22

1st txt for symptomatic sarcoidosis?

Answer 22

oral corticosteriods

Question 23

What two things are associated with poorer prognosis of sarcoidosis?

Answer 23

interstitial lung disease & lupus pernio

Question 24

Reticular opacities (honeycombing) is indicative of?

Answer 24

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 25

What lung pattern is seen in idiopathic fibrosis?

Answer 25

restrictive

Question 26

Txt for idiopathic fibrosis?

Answer 26

none, Lung transplant only cure!

Question 27

What does silicosis increase the risk for?

Answer 27

TB and non TB mycobacterium infections

Question 28

Risk for silicosis?

Answer 28

quarry work w/ granite, slate, quartz, sandblasting

Question 29

Eggshell calcifications of hilar and mediastinal nodes?

Answer 29

Silicosis

Question 30

Txt for silicosis?

Answer 30

removal of exposure

Question 31

What is Caplan syndrome?

Answer 31

Coal worker pneumoconiosis + Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 32

Pattern of Coal worker's lung?

Answer 32

obstructive

Question 33

Txt for coal worker's lung?

Answer 33

supportive

Question 34

Risk factor for berylliosis?

Answer 34

aerospace, electronic, jewelry making, fluorescent light bulbs

Question 35

txt for berylliosis?

Answer 35

corticosteroids, oxygen

Question 36

Lung disease due to cotton exposure?

Answer 36

Byssinosis

Question 37

disease that gets worse of Monday, but improves later in the week or on the weekend?

Answer 37

Byssinosis

Question 38

How long does it take for asbestosis to show?

Answer 38

30yrs after initial exposure

Question 39

Risk factors for asbestosis?

Answer 39

repair of old buildings, insulation, fire-resistant material, ship building

Question 40

Pleural plaques and shaggy heart sign indicative of?

Answer 40

asbestosis

Question 41

MC complication of asbestosis?

Answer 41

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 42

Most specific complication of asbestosis?

Answer 42

malignant mesothelioma of the pleura

Question 43

Txt for asbestosis?

Answer 43

none

Question 44

MC cause of solitary pulmonary nodule?

Answer 44

infectious granulomas

Question 45

The initial test for solitary pulmonary nodule?

Answer 45

Chest xray

Question 46

The IOC for a solitary pulmonary nodule?

Answer 46

Chest CT

Question 47

Txt for low, immediate, high risk pulmonary nodules?

Answer 47

low: active surveillance w/ monitoring imd: bronchoscopy-central, TTE- peripheral high: resection

Question 48

What is a solitary pulmonary nodule?

Answer 48

single, small (<30mm) well circumscribed lesion surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma.

Question 49

What are the 3 types of non-small cell cancer?

Answer 49

Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell, Large cell

Question 50

The initial TOC for small cell lung cancer?

Answer 50

chemotherapy

Question 51

Lung cancer screening?

Answer 51

55y-80y who have no symptoms of lungs cancer + 30yr ppy hX who currently smoked or have quit < 15yrs

Question 52

When should lung cancer screening stop?

Answer 52

after > 15yr of not smoking | developed a terminal illness

Question 53

What screening tool is used for lung cancer screening?

Answer 53

low-dose CT

Question 54

What is the most common primary lung cancer in smokers, women, men & non-smokers?

Answer 54

Adenocarcinoma

Question 55

Lung cancer that presents in the peripheral?

Answer 55

Adenocarcinoma

Question 56

Lung cancer that presents in the central?

Answer 56

squamous cell

Question 57

Txt for Adenocarcinoma?

Answer 57

resecetion

Question 58

Smoking is strongly associated with what 2 lung cancers?

Answer 58

Squamous and small cell

Question 59

Which lung carcinoma is associated w/ cavitary lesions, hypercalcemia, and pancoast syndrome?

Answer 59

squamous cell

Question 60

MC solid tumor that presents with Paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 60

Small cell lung cancer

Question 61

What electrolyte dysfunction is seen in SCLC?

Answer 61

hyponatremia

Question 62

Dx carcinoid tumor?

Answer 62

24hr 5-HIAA in urine